animals have been employed in experiments to 
determine the effect of different vegetation 
types and seasons, grazing treatments, or 
range manipulations on kinds and quantities of 
forage taken. The resulting experience demon- 
strates that some wildlife species can be 
trained and handled for effective use in forage 
studies related to specific research objectives. 
The salient advantages are: Opportunity for 
positive identification of all foods taken; recog- 
nition of species, parts, or phenological stages 
of plants that are unacceptable as forage; abil- 
ity to relate selections and rejections to availa- 
bility in a desired time and place; opportunity 
for sampling in conformance with predesigned 
plans and even to incorporate the forage con- 
sumption measurements in an experimental de- 
sign without additional cost for fencing or 
facilities in the experiment itself. An outstand- 
ing advantage is the large quantity of data that 
can be acquired relative to other methods. 
However, the technique has not yet been 
fully perfected. There is not yet a satisfactory 
method of quantifying intake. Methods for 
demonstrating or establishing an acceptable 
degree of similarity between tame and wild an- 
imals are not available. Variability between in- 
dividual animals and the requirements for ob- 
taining data relevant to a population are 
poorly known. The time, effort, and cost of ac- 
quiring, rearing, and training the animals are 
imposing. 
In employing a research technique, the im- 
portant consideration is how well it answers 
the question being asked. If it is what kinds of 
forage are being consumed by the subject ani- 
mal or animals, this method works very well. 
If it is the amounts consumed, the method is so 
far crude. If it is to determine the kinds and 
amounts of forage consumed by populations of 
such animals, much work has yet to be done to 
establish its reliability. 
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