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Figure 7.—Shrubs and trees provide erosion control and food and cover for 
wildlife. 
Windbreaks, properly placed, can protect small areas of specialty 
crops from the wind. These crops can be grown on small tracts 
of class III land some distance from the ocean front. 
Planning for the Use of Woody Plants on the Dunes 
Permanent stabilization of dune areas on the Pacific coast with 
long-lived woody plants is not feasible by direct planting into the 
eroded sand areas. McLaughlin and Brown (1942) poimted out 
the steps that must be taken when the permanent cover is to be woody 
perennials. 
The initial step is to still the sand with clonal plantings of beach- 
grass or dune grass this way: (1) Plant 3 to 5 clones of beachgrass 
in hills spaced 18 to 24 inches apart. The plantings are made during 
the late fall and winter. The severity of the conditions on the site 
determines the density of the planting. (2) Fertilize the plantings 
with 40 to 60 pounds of nitrogen per acre in the form of ammonium 
sulfate. Apply the fertilizer in the early spring just as the clones 
begin to grow. After the fertilized beachgrass plantings have grown 
for one season, the area is ready for the intermediate step in stabiliza- 
tion. 
Shrubs are used for the intermediate step. They are planted in the 
grasses after the sand is stilled. They are not effective for direct sand 
6 
