Scotch broom * met all the essentials (fig. 8). Planting stock was 
easy to grow from seed in nurseries. The transplants grew to an 
optimum height of 6 feet in 3 years. Scotch broom was adapted to 
all but poorly drained sites on the dunes and sites where the wind 
carried sand. It withstood temperatures as low as 10° F. without 
damage. It was quickly shaded out by the permanent trees. , 
Scotch broom has other desirable qualities. It can be used alone 
for firebreaks in tree plantings because it is rather fire resistant. 
It produces an abundant crop of seeds that are used for food by 
upland game birds and it has limited use as a source of pharmaceutical 
alkaloids. 
Scotch broom may volunteer when seeds are carried to open min- 
eral soil. It never volunteers into good sod or full stands of trees. 
It is easily controlled by mowing, surface cultivation, and herbicides. 
It does not spread by rhizomes or sprout from the crown.* 
Tree lupine (fig. 9) met the requirements for intermediate sta- 
bilization except that it could not be used on sites that were exposed 
to strong winds or were poorly drained. It winterkilled when 
temperatures fell below 17° F. It was easily established by direct 
seeding into stands of beachgrass and attained a height of 314 to 4 
feet by the second year. Tree lupine was short lived on the dunes, 
but the stands were maintained by volunteer seedlings. It did not 
show any weedy tendencies. 
Coyote brush is a native, long-lived, hardy shrub that is easily 
grown from seed and can be transplanted readily. Growth is slow 
and 3 to 4 years are required for it to reach the height of 214 to 3 feet. 
Coyote brush does not sprout from the crowns and is easy to control 
by mowing or cultivation. It isnot alegume. 
° See list of common and scientific names of plants, back page. 
* Scotch broom is classed as a noxious weed in some States. 
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Figure 9.—Tree lupine can be established by direct seeding into sand-stilling 
grasses. 
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