ORE-75209 
Figure 11.—Shore pine makes an ideal semipermanent dune planting when 
combined with Scotch broom. 
condition. Shore pine plantings are an ideal medium for the natural 
establishment of climax species. As the climax species overtop the 
shore pine, it 1s shaded out. 
Red alder is a widely distributed native tree especially well 
adapted to class V land in the dunes, which is intermittently wet 
or has a high water table. It volunteers naturally in such areas 
and hence does not require planting. It does not volunteer on well- 
drained sites. Red alder grows to a height of at least 30 feet unless 
it is exposed to high- velocity winds above the dunes that normally 
border the wet interdune areas; then it tipburns. As the site matures 
and drainage improves, climax trees may volunteer in stands of alder. 
Hooker willow is native to the Pacific coast, particularly to the 
permanently wet areas (fig. 12). It volunteers readily on such sites 
after the surrounding areas are stabilized. It does not require plant- 
ing. Hooker willow may be replaced by alder unless the site remains 
wet. Av erage height is 10 to 15 feet. 
Trees for permanent stabilization 
The species in this group require mature and well-protected sites. 
Of the many species in experimental plantings, only five are classed 
as successful and all are native. They are not established by planting 
but volunteer into stands of trees planted for semipermanent stabiliza- 
tion. 
Sitka spruce is widely distributed along the north Pacific coast. 
Growing near the eroded dune areas, it volunteers readily into good 
stands of subclimax trees (fig. 13). It withstands strong winds after 
it is established and wind forms in exposed areas. <A fast-growing, 
well-formed tree is produced in protected areas. This tree also yields 
commercial timber. Sitka spruce is long-lived and is one of the climax 
trees of coastal forests. 
10 
