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Figure 14.—Evergreen huckleberry is well adapted as an understory shrub in 
tree cover on stabilized dunes; and salal makes a dense ground cover under 
climax trees on coastal dune areas. Florist greenery and fruit are by-products. 
Salal is a decumbent evergreen shrub that roots at the nodes, 
spreads rapidly, and forms a dense mat on the surface of the soil 
(fig. 14). It is widely distributed along the coast and grows in dense 
shade and partial sun. Salal grows best on well-drained sites but 
can be used where the soil is wet but not ponded. Seedlings are easy 
to grow from seed, and they transplant readily. Aside from making 
an ideal ground cover under climax trees, salal has utilitarian values. 
The fruit can be used for jelly and as food for game birds, and the 
foliage is valued for florist greenery. 
Bearberry is a creeping evergreen shrub that roots at the nodes 
and makes a good ground cover in partial shade, especially at the 
edges of open areas in tree plantings (fig. 15). It requires well- 
drained sites but, once established, spreads rapidly. Planting stock 
can be grown from seed but is easily obtained from cuttings. The 
fruit of bearberry provides food for wildlife. 
Hardhack makes a low, dense thicket on the poorly drained swampy 
areas on class V land within the dune area. It is a long-lived decidu- 
ous shrub, is very resistant to fire, and produces enough sprouts to 
completely cover the area. It will not tolerate shading. Plantings 
can be made with nursery-grown seedlings, but, as coastal dune areas 
become stabilized, it quickly volunteers on wet sites if plants are 
growing near the area. 
Border shrubs 
These shrubs are either vines or erect plants that thrive at the edge 
of openings in the permanent tree cover used to stabilize dune areas. 
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