Monterey pine gave high survival and grew more rapidly than 
other conifers until a sudden freeze in November of the eleventh 
growing season killed all but three out of a 1,000-tree plantation 
(f 16). The minimum temperature was 11° F. 
eraich pine was adapted and had a good rate of growth but the 
growth form was very unsatisfactory. Branches and needles were 
sparse and growth was deformed even when the plantings were on 
protected sites. Until a strain is obtained that grows rapidly and 
is uniformly well branched and needled, the species cannot be 
recommended. 
Austrian pine was adapted and the trees were well branched, with 
a desirable growth form. However, the rate of growth during the 
first 5 or 6 years was especially slow. 
Cluster pine had a low percentage of survival. Of the many 
strains tested all exhibited low survival even with good culture. The 
reason for low survival was attributed to the lack of a good root 
system on seedlings grown in nurseries and used as bare-root trans- 
plants. The root system was primarily a long taproot with few 
branches. Potted stock may have given better results but was deemed 
too expensive. The poor root system was more pronounced in cluster 
pine than in other pines. Low survival is undesirable in dune-control 
work where conditions of environment are rigorous. 
Red and Pitch pine have been used in other parts of the United 
States for dune stabilization. Extensive trials on the coastal dunes 
had good survival but the rate of growth was exceptionally slow. 
Black locust was not adapted to the climatic conditions of the 
north Pacific coast. Though survival was high, growth was slow 
and root sprouts formed a dense thicket. After 20 years’ growth 
it did not exceed 10 to 15 feet even when grown in the lee of taller 
trees (fig. 17). 
ORE-75212 
Figure 16.—Monterey pine 11 years old completely killed by November 1955 
freeze. 
15 
a] 
