Tree Classes 



Sound sawlog-size tree. — A softwood tree at least 9 inches 

 d. b. h. or a hardwood tree at least 13 inches d. b. h. with not 

 less than one sound log 12 feet long, or with 50 percent of the 

 gross volume of the tree sound saw timber. 



Sound under-sa-wlog-size tree. — ^A tree over 1 inch d. b. h. and 

 less than sawlog-size with a reasonably straight, sound stem. 



Cull tree. — A tree that fails to qualify as a sound sawlog or 

 under-sawlog-size tree because of rot, poor form, limbiness, or 

 other defect. 



Pole tree. — A pine tree that will produce a pole conforming to 

 specifications of the American Standards Association. 



Forest Conditions 



Old growth. — Stands composed of trees having the characteris- 

 tics of the original mature timber of the region, containing at 

 least 1 M board feet per acre of merchantable species in hardwood 

 types and 600 board feet per acre in pine types. Stands are 

 classed as uncut if less than 10 percent of the original volume has 

 been cut, and as -partly cut if more than 10 percent has been re- 

 moved; the minimum volume per acre is the same in both cases. 



Second-growth sawlog-size. — Stands of second growth having at 

 least 600 board feet per acre in trees of sawlog-size. Stands are 

 classed as uncut if less than 10 percent of the sawlog-size trees has 

 been removed and as partly cut if 10 percent or more of the saw- 

 log-size trees has been cut; the minimum volume per acre is the 

 same in both cases. 



Second-growth sawlog-size partly cut. — Stands of second growth 

 from which 10 percent or more of the sawlog-size trees have been 

 removed but with the remaining stand containing 600 or more 

 board feet per acre. 



Second-growth under-sawlog-size. — Young second-growth stands 

 with less than 600 board feet per acre in trees of sawlog-size and 

 with the remainder of the trees below sawlog-size, but averaging 

 over 1 inch d. b. h. 



Reproduction. — Stands too young to classify as second growth, 

 having at least 80 well-distributed seedlings per acre of commer- 

 cial species, averaging less than 1 inch d. b. h. 



Clear-cut. — Cut-over areas with insufficient young growth to 

 qualify either as second growth or as reproduction. 



Volume Estimates 



Board-foot volume. — Includes only the saw-timber portion of 

 sawlog-size trees. Top diameters vary with the limits of usable 

 material. Deductions are m.ade for woods cull and for loss in 

 sawing at the mill. The volumes were computed by the Inter- 

 national 34-inch log rule, derived from the following formula: 

 /^=(0.22D--0.71D) 0.905 for 4-foot section. Taper allowance: 

 3^-inch per 4 linear feet. 



Cordwood volume. — Volume in standard cords, including bark, 

 embraces the following: 



1 . The sawlog portion of sawlog-size trees. 



2. The upper stems of sawlog-size softwoods and the upper 

 stems and limbs of sawlog-size hardwoods. The minimum 

 diameter is 4 inches outside bark. 



3. The full stems of sound under-sawlog-size trees at least 

 5 i nches d. b. h. to a variable top diameter of not less than 4 inches 

 outside bark. 



4. The estimated sound material in cull trees. 

 Deductions for cull include only the volume in defects which 



cause the material to be unsuited for cordwood. Sweep and 

 slight crook are not regarded as defects. 



The cordwood estimates are in terms of the standard cord of 128 

 stacked cubic feet, measuring- 8 feet long and 4 feet high, and 

 made up of round or split wood bolts 4 feet long. The wood 

 and bark contents of the standard cord are 90 cubic feet for soft- 

 woods, 80 for hardwoods. 



Cubic-joot volume. — The volume in cubic feet of solid wood, 

 derived from the same material as the cordwood volume excepting 

 the bark. 



Forest Growth and Commodity Drain 



Growing stock. — The sum of the volumes of all sound trees in a 

 stand, type, or region, expressed in board feet of sawlog-size 

 timber or in cords or cubic feet of trees 5 inches d. b. h. and 

 larger; dead and cull trees and tops of hardwoods are not included. 



Board-foot growth. — The net growth of the sawlog portions of 

 sawlog-size trees, plus the volume in sound trees that have grown 

 from the under-sawlog to the sawlog-size class. 



Cubic foot growth. — The net growth of the sound stem wood, 

 inside bark and excluding limbs, in trees 5 inches d. b. h. and 

 larger (but including only the sawlog portions of sawlog-size hard- 

 woods) plus the inside-bark volume in sound trees that have 

 reached 5 inches d. b. h. during the growth period considered. 



Net growth. — The gross, or total, growth of the forest minus 

 mortality losses. 



Mortality. — The volume lost from the growing stock through 

 death of trees from such causes as fire, lightning, tree competi- 

 tion, old age, disease, insects, drought, and wind. Fire is the 

 chief man-caused source of mortality. 



Commodity Drain. — The sound-tree growing-stock material 

 utilized plus the sound usablematerialleft in felled trees. 



Board-foot drain. — Commodity drain of saw-timber material. 



Cordwood drain. — The total drain (including the felled trees 

 left in the woods) from (a) saw-timber material, (b) upper stems 

 of sawlog-size softwoods, and (c) small trees ranging from 5 

 inches to sawlog-size, cut from the sound-tree growing stock. 



Cubic-foot drain. — Identical with cordwood drain except that 

 bark volumes are omitted. 



Principal Forest Trees of 'South Carolina 



SOFTWOODS 



Lumber or trade name Recognized common name Botanical name 



Cedar, red Eastern redcedar Juniperus virginiana 



Cedar, white Atlantic white-cedar ("southern white cedar") Chamaecyparis thy aides 



Cypress f Baldcypress ("southern cypress") Taxodium distichum 



\ Pondcypress T. ascendens 



Hemlock Eastern hemlock Tsuga canadensis 



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