The Sterilization of American Foiilbrood Combs 19 



Tabli 9. — Cultural results of various tests with samples of comb treated for IfS 

 hours in water -formalin solution 





<ut3 



> <D 



ps «5 a 

 SS.2 



821 



~°° 



o © 

 « 55 9 



a a.S 



Open ceils 



First comb in series contain- 

 ing open cells showing 

 growth of B. larvae in cul- 

 tures 



Sealed cells 



at* 





"i 



co 



o 



OS 



if 



| 



S3 



.2 E 



M ftq 



o 

 ax; 

 fit* 



gi 



o 



CI 

 bO 



a 



is 



■si 



fi 



"3 

 o 



i 



co 



<o 



^ & 

 oh 



<a 



a 



1 8 



o~ 

 ■a . 



o 



CO — 



H -u 



II 



o 



a 



bO 



q 



I! 



M o 



1 



3 

 o 



First comb in series cor 

 ing sealed cells she 

 growth of B. larvc 

 cultures 





1: 



f 10 



10 



10 



10 

 f 10 



\ io 



6 

 6 

 6 

 50 

 50 

 50 



50 



50 

 10 

 10 





 

 

 

 

 









 

 



6 

 6 

 6 



50 

 50 

 50 



50 



50 

 10 

 10 





6 

 6 

 6 



40 

 40 

 50 



14 

 '3 



1 

 112 



no 



'15 



2 



3 



5 



28 



30 



35 



Third. 



Preliminary tests 





Do. 





Fifth. 



Open (uncapped) cells compared with sealed cells; 



used solution. 

 Open (uncapped) cells compared with sealed cells; 



fresh solution. 





Fourth. 





Do. 

 Third. 







treatment. 



Open cells, washed in water after treatment- 



Cells with perforated cappings compared with open 













10 

 10 



12 

 



8 

 10 



Fourth 













1 Two showed few spores germinated. 

 1 One showed few spores germinated. 

 1 Seven showed few spores germinated. 



Table 10. — Cultural results of various tests with samples of comb treated for 

 hours in water -formalin solution 





b. GO 



+3 <3 a 



flflo 



8 S3 



o © 



o3 co a 



B&fl 



Open cells 



First comb in series contain- 

 ing open cells showing 

 growth of B. larvae in cul- 

 tures 



Sealed cells 



flpi-9 





3 



o 



CO 



1 



■1 



O p! 



a 



3 



bC 



II 



o « 



3& 



s 



3 feb 





 Pi 

 bxi 



a 



15 



■S * 

 w 



8& 



| 



3 

 



3 

 



M 



co T3 



?! 



a 



bO 



.as 







ll 







a 

 bo 

 pi 



is 



« 

 " feb 



1 



3 







First comb in series coi 

 ing sealed cells she 

 growth of B. larvt 

 cultures 





/ 10 50 



\ 10 50 



10 50 





 

 

 



13 





 



50 

 50 



50 

 50 



47 

 10 

 10 





























Open cells only; fresh solution.. ... ... 













Fresh solution; control for samples washed after 



10 



10 



{ 10 



\ 10 



50 



50 

 10 

 10 













treatment. 

 Open cells washed in water after treatment .. 



First 











Cells with perforated cappings compared with open 





10 

 10 



21 

 



9 

 10 





ceDs. 













1 Germination of few spores; doubtful in the case of two cultures. 

 ' Showed few spores germinated. 



CAPPINGS REMOVED WITH KNIFE 



Considerable experimenting with various methods of opening cap- 

 pings sufficiently to allow easy access of solutions into the cells dem- 

 onstrated that the only satisfactory way is to use an uncapping knife 

 and actually to cut away the cappings, as is done when uncapping 

 honey, before the combs are placed in the disinfectant solution. If 

 the knife is sharp and well heated, brood cells may be as easily un- 

 capped as honey cells, leaving a sharp, complete opening and adding 

 but little to the labor factor in handling the combs. If the knife is 



