Abstract 



Coulson, Jack R., compiler. 1992. Releases of Beneficial Organisms in the 

 United States and Territories — 1982. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

 Miscellaneous Publication No. 1505, 529 pp. 



This is the second of two reports on the releases of introduced beneficial 

 organisms in the United States and its Territories for biological control of pests 

 or for crop pollination. This repon is produced from the computerized data 

 base "Releases of Beneficial Organisms" (ROBO) of the Agricultural Research 

 Service Biological Control Documentation Center. It may be the last such 

 published report since this type of information for subsequent years will soon 

 be available in electronic form from the ROBO data base. 



Well over 20 million individuals of at least 151 species of insea and mite 

 parasites and predators, almost exclusively of foreign origin, were released 

 against at least 79 insea and mite pests, also predominantly introduced species, 

 in the United States and its Territories in 1982. Also released that year were 

 over 9 million individuals of 21 species of exotic natural enemies of 18 species 

 of introduced weeds. In addition 7 species of pollinators and other beneficial 

 organisms were released. These releases (from either field collections or 

 cultures of foreign origin) or recolonizations (from previously established 

 populations in the United States) were made in 45 States and the District of 

 Columbia in 1982. Shipments of 94 biological control agents and pollinators 

 were sent from U.S. facilities to foreign countries in 1982. Also listed in this 

 report are the numerous people in more than 400 Federal, State, university. 

 Territorial, private, and foreign facilities engaged in biological control and 

 other importation, release, and related activities in 1982. 



In addition to this type of comprehensive annual report, the ROBO data base 

 can produce computer reports of shipments sent or received, reports of releases 

 of beneficial organisms on a facility or State-Territory basis, as well as detailed 

 reports of the individual releases, shipments, or importations. This publication 

 includes examples of the detailed individual release reports, which illustrate the 

 types of data for which searches can be made in the ROBO data base. 



Keywords: Biological control, introduaions, natural enemies, parasites 

 (parasitoids), pollinators, predators, weed control agents. 



Mention of a trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment 

 does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the U.S. Department of 

 Agriculture and does not imply its approval by the Department over 

 other products not mentioned. 



While supplies last, single copies of this publication may be obtained, at 

 no cost, on request from the USDA Biological Control Documentation 

 Center, Bldg. 004, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705. 



Copies of this publication may also be purchased from the National 

 Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 

 22161. 



Issued November 1992 



