ACCOMPLISHMENTS: EUROPE 



Yugoslavia 



M. M. Krstic 



Professor, Forestry Faculty, University of Belgrade, 

 Belgrade, Yugoslavia 



My principal activity since the creation of the Working Group has 

 been surveying and checking important forest pathogens on Pinus, 

 Quercus, and Populus in some of the countries of southern and eastern 

 Europe. Because of the variety of forest conditions and the different 

 research organizations in these parts of Europe, it has not yet been 

 possible to cover the entire area as originally proposed. Personal 

 contacts have been established with Dr. Biraghi, Chairman of Section 

 24, IUFKO, and later with Dr. Lohwag (Austria), Mr. Leontovyc 

 (Czechoslovakia), and Dr. Kailidis (Greece). During this 3-year 

 period, I have checked pathogens in Czechoslovakia, Greece, Italy, 

 and Yugoslavia ; the other forestry ranges will be checked during the 

 next period of time. A completed list of the diseases present in south- 

 ern and eastern Europe can be expected later, as a cooperative work, I 

 believe, with Dr. Lohwag. 



As a result of this work to date, several pathogens can be designated 

 as specific for this part of Europe and as dangerous to other countries. 

 Some additional organisms are also more or less common in northern 

 and western Europe. The selected pathogens on Pinus, Quercus, and 

 Populus in southern Europe are the following: 



Pinus 



Oronartium asclepiadeum ( Willcl.) Fr., agent of cortical rust on dif- 

 ferent 2-needle pines, mainly on Pinus nigra, P. sylvestris, and P. 

 halepensis. 



Melampsora pinitorqua Rostr., a heteroecious fungus causing curv- 

 ing and dying back of new pine shoots, mostly on Pinus nigra and 

 P. sylvestris. Alternate hosts are Populus alba and P. tremula. 



Actinothyrium marginatum Sacc, an agent of red spots on pine 

 needles, mostly on Pinus nigra and P. sylvestris. The infected needles 

 are shed prematurely. 



Cenangium abietis (Pers.) Eehm, a cause of dieback of Austrian 

 and Scotch pine twigs under specific climatic conditions. 



Phacidium infestans Karst., the snow blight fungus on Scotch pine, 

 causing death of young plants. 



Quercus 



Microsphaera alphitoides Griff. & Maubl., well-known oak mildew, 

 concurring in dying back of many oaks, and especially of Quercus 

 pedunculata. 

 16 



