

94 U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE MISC. PUB. 939 



damaging infections occur on seedlings less than 4 years old. Early 

 infections usually lead to death, and later infections to deformities 

 and wind breakage. Without fungicidal control, losses in nurseries 

 are commonly 10 to 20 percent and sometimes 50 to 90 percent. Dam- 

 age to oak is minor. 



Intercontinental spread is possible through the shipment of infected 

 pines. Some infection is latent until the second year. There appears 

 very little chance of spread by the shipment of seed or pollen. Be- 

 cause infections on oak are restricted to leaves there should be no 

 risk in shipment of dormant oak seedlings or of acorns. 



Range : United States. Maryland to Florida and westward to Arkan- 

 sas and Texas. Common in the coastal States from South Caro- 

 lina to Texas. 

 Hosts : 



Pinaceae (aecial and pycnial stages) — 

 Pinus elliottii var. densa Little & Dorman 

 P. elliottii var. elliottii Little & Dorman 

 P. palustris Mill. 

 P. rigida Mill. 

 P. serotina Michx. 

 P. taeda L. 



P. caribaea Morelet (Planted in U.S.) 

 P. cooperi var. omelasi Martinez (Planted in U.S.) 

 P. nigra Arnold (Planted in U.S.) 

 P. pseudostrobus Lindl. ( Planted in U.S. ) 

 P. torreyana Parry (Planted in Southeast U.S.) 



Artificial inoculations proved 13 other Pinus species are susceptible, 

 among them P. radiata Don and P. sylvestris L. 



Fagaceae (uredial and telial stages), with first 8 in order of sus- 

 ceptibility — 

 Quercus nigra L. 

 Q.pJiellos~L. 

 Q. lauri folia Michx. 

 Q. incana Bartr. 

 Q. marilandica Muenchh. 

 Q. falcata Michx. 

 Q. laevisW&M. 

 Q. virginiana Mill. 

 Q. albalj. 



Q. coccinea Muenchh. 

 Q. imbricaria Michx. 

 Q. shumardii Buckl. 

 Q. stellata Wangenh. 

 Q . velutina Lam. 



Artificial inoculations have proved many other oak species suscepti- 

 ble, including Q. robur L. and Q. cerris L. ; 4 species of Castanea 

 (dentata (Marsh.) Borkh., mollissima Bl., pumila Mill., and sativa 

 Mill.) ; CaManopsis diversi folia (Kurz) King; and Lithocarpus 

 densiflora (Hook and Arn.) Rehd. 

 Literature : 



Hedgcock, G. G., and Siggers, P. V. A comparison of the pme-oak 

 rusts. U.S. Dept, Agr. Tech. Bui. 978 : 1-30. 1949. 



Siggers, P. V. Control of the fusiform rust of southern pines. Jour. 

 Forestry 53 : 442-446. 1955. 



