mation for safe and efficient fire suppression, and 
smoke-management techniques for prescribed fire. 
Participation by the private sector and local, State, 
and Federal Governments in responding to fire situ- 
ations with trained, mobile crews for all land 
ownerships remains important. Continual strength- 
ening of the multi-State fire compacts deserves 
greater emphasis. 
Pest protection can be improved with technol- 
ogy transfer to explain safe methods for applying 
approved pesticides. Future programs must pro- 
vide (1) information on advance identification of 
pest outbreaks and (2) the technology for such ear- 
ly identification. Greater recognition of the impor- 
tance of integrated pest management should be 
emphasized. To combat individual pests, programs 
need to provide for geographically comprehensive 
treatment strategies that protect all parties within 
intermingled ownerships. 
References Cited 
Althaus, Irene A.; Mills, Thomas J. 1982. 
Resource values in analyzing fire management 
programs for economic efficiency. Gen. Tech. 
Rep. PSW-57. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of 
Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest 
Forest and Range Experiment Station. 9 p. 
de Steiguer, J.E.; Hedden, Roy L. 1985. 
; A study to determine the optimal level of ex- 
penditure to control the southern pine beetle. 
Draft final report. Research Triangle Park, NC: 
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 
Southeastern Forest Experiment Station. 36 p. 
plus appendices. 
Mills, Thomas J. 1980. 
Economic evaluation of fire management pro- 
gram alternatives. In: Barney, Richard J., ed. 
Proceedings of a symposium on fire control in 
the 80's. Missoula, MT: Intermountain Fire 
Council: 75-89. 
60 
Roten, Dane; Shepherd, John. 1986. 
North Carolina fire management analysis. 
[Place of publication unknown]: North Carolina 
Division of Forest Resources. 5 p. 
Schweitzer, Dennis L.; Andersen, Ernest V.; Mills, 
Thomas J. 1982. 
Economic efficiency of fire management pro- 
grams at six national forests. Res. Pap. 
PSW-157. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of 
Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest 
Forest and Range Experiment Station. 29 p. 
Swager, W.L.; Fetterman, L.G.; Jenkins, F.M. 1958. 
A study of the cooperative forest-fire-control 
problem. Columbus, OH: Battelle Memorial In- 
stitute. 121 p. 
USDA Forest Service. 1980. 
National Forest System fire management budg- 
et analysis, 1980. Washington, DC: U.S. Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, Forest Service, Aviation 
and Fire Management Staff. 29 p. 
USDA Forest Service. 1983. 
Fire protection on non-Federal. wildlands. 
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agricul- 
ture, Forest Service, Cooperative Fire Protec- 
tion. 39 p. 
USDA Forest Service. 1986a. 
Forest Service manual, sections 3100 and 3400. 
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agricul- 
ture, Forest Service. 
USDA Forest Service. 1986b. 
A recommended renewable resources pro- 
gram: 1985-2030, 1985 update. Washington, 
DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest 
Service. 33 p. 
USDA Forest Service. 1987. 
1988 Budget explanatory notes for Committee 
on Appropriations. Washington, DC: U.S. De- 
partment of Agriculture, Forest Service. 334 p. 
