Figure 1 .—Forest surrey field man mapping pine woodland on the desert's edge. The open areas of sagebrush and other shrubs with clusters 

 of pine trees in the draws are typical of the woodland type of ponderosa pine. 



ponderosa pine is the predominating tree; char- 

 acteristic of the fringes of the desert and of the 

 breaks between timbered plateaus and treeless 

 canyons, where the area of grass or sagebrush 

 may be as great as the area of timber, or greater; 

 merging at its upper boundary with timberland 

 types and at its lower limit with open land. The 

 trees are not necessarily noncommercial, but vol- 

 ume per acre is ordinarily less than 3,000 feet. 

 Immature types are not included. 



Timberland Types 



Nos. 6, 7, 8, 9A, 9B. and 10. Douglas-fir: 

 These are forests containing approximately 60 

 percent or more by volume of Douglass-fir. The 

 six types, differentiated by the size class into 

 which most of the volume falls or, in the case of 

 the two smallest sizes, the diameter class of most 

 of the dominant trees, are large old growth (6), 

 40 inches d. b. h. and more; small old growth (7), 

 22 to 40 inches; large second growth (8), 22 to 40 

 inches (coarse-grained timber yielding only a 

 small percent of the upper grades of lumber) ; 

 large poles (9A), 12 to 20 inches; small poles 



(9B), 6 to 10 inches; seedlings and saplings (10), 

 less than 6 inches d. b. h. 



Nos. 17, 19A, and 19B. Western redcedar: 

 These forests, largely confined to swamps and 

 stream margins on the national forests of eastern 

 Washington, contain approximately 40 percent 

 or more by volume of western redcedar. The 

 three types are classified by size class of most of 

 the volume or, in 19B, of the dominant trees, as 

 follows: Large (17), more than 24 inches d. b. h.; 

 poles (19A), 12 to 24 inches; seedlings and sap- 

 lings (19B), less than 12 inches. 



Nos. 20, 20/ 2 , 20A, 21, and 22. Ponderosa pine: 

 These are forests containing approximately 50 

 percent or more by volume of ponderosa pine, sugar 

 pine, or Jeffrey pine, or any combination of these 

 species (except those in which sugar pine attains 

 20 percent and becomes the key tree) ; stands 

 are continuous in contrast to the more cpen 

 ponderosa pine woodland type. The five types, 

 differentiated by mixture and size class, are large 

 (20), the dominant stand averaging more than 22 

 inches d. b. h. (so-called "yellow pine," more than 

 150 or 200 years old), no material part cut, and 



