56 MISC. PUBLICATION 303, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
Seriously attacked in cultivation by the lilac borer; propagation is by seed sown 
as soon as ripe or stratified and sown in spring, or by root cuttings. 
Stomach records: Turkey. Observations: Much eaten by birds; white-tailed 
deer. 
Arbutus spp. Madrones. 
Propagation is by Seeds sown under glass in fall or spring. 
Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : Mearn’s quail. Observa- 
tions (in addition to specific records) : Band-tailed pigeon. 
Arbutus arizonica (Gray) Sarg. Arizona madrone. 
A, galapensis arizonica Gray. 
Range: 11, 14. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Berry, available July—December. 
A large evergreen tree; flowers in May. Not grazed, except rarely by goats. 
Arbutus menziesii Pursh. Madrone. 
Range: 1, 2, 3, 5, 10. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Berry, available July—January. 
A small to generaily large and widely-branched tree; flowers March—May; 
commonly shrubby southward; stump sprouts after injury; wood somewhat 
used commercially; bark used for tanning; seeds 25-30 per berry; about 1,000 
usable plants per pound of seed; difficult te transplant; very handsome and 
commonly cultivated. 
Stomach records: Two species of birds. Observations: Five species of birds 
including dove, band-tailed pigeons, and turkey; extensively eaten by deer; of 
slight importance as browse for mule deer; raccoon, ring-tailed cat. Lightly 
grazed by cattle or heavily grazed by goats. <A good bee plant. 
Arbutus texana Buckl. Texas madrone, 
A. zalapensis texzana Gray. 
Range: dl AG a1, 20: 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Berry, available August—June. 
A large shrub or smali tree or rarely a large tree; evergreen; often found on 
limestone soil; wood used commercially to some extent; berries palatable. 
Occasionally browsed by stock. 
Arbutus uva-ursi, See Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. 
Arctostaphylos spp. Mianzanitas. 
Ordinarily chaparral shrubs; many species hold the leaves vertically; most 
reproduce extensively by root shoots; propagated by seeds sown in spring after 
stratification for 140 days at 41°-50° F. 
Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : Seventeen species of birds, 
including dusky grouse, California quail, sharp-tailed grouse; gray fox, raccoon, 
striped skunk, coyote, Inyo chipmunk, western skunk. Observations (in addi- 
tion to specific records) : Seven species of birds including dusky grouse, band- 
tailed pigeon, Merriam’s turkey; mountain sheep, New Mexico black bear, 
Allen’s chipmunk, golden-mantied ground squirrel, Oregon gray fox, ring-tailed 
eat, California gray squirrel. Usually of small value as forage except for goats. 
Arctostaphylos andersonii Gray. Heartleaf manzanita. 
A. pechoensis Dudl., Uva-ursi pechoensis (Dudl.) Abrams, U. andersonti 
(Gray) Abrams. 
Range: 1, 5. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Berry, availabie January—September. 
A large evergreen shrub; does not crown sprout after fire. 
Arctostaphylos bicolor (Nutt.) Gray. 
A. veatchit Kell., Xylococcus bicolor Nutt. 
Range: 5. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Berry. 
A small, densely-branched evergreen shrub. 
