NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 65 
Asimina pygmaea (Bartr.) Gray. 
Pityothannus pygmaeus (Bartr.) Small. 
Range: 
Site: Well-drained, sun, shade. 
Fruit: Berry, available July—August. 
A small shrub with arching or decumbent stems. 
Asimina speciosa, see Asimina incana. 
Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal. Common papaw. 
Anona triloba L. 
Range: 20, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30. 
Site: Well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 
Fruit: Berry, available August—October. 
Commonly a large shrub to small tree, or rarely a large tree; flowers March— 
April; thicket forming by means of suckers; shrubby northward; often per- 
sistent and difficult to eradicate from fields; thickets often vigorous and 
dense; a lepidoterous larva injures the flowers throughout a good portion of 
its range, but when not attacked, fruit is abundantly produced; otherwise gen- 
erally free from insect enemies; two forms are known, one with white, insipid 
fruit; the other with a yellow pulp, but these are not recognized botanically ; 
propagation is by seed sown as soon as ripe; suckers are generally difficult to 
transplant; about 1,200 seeds per pound, germination about 50 percent, about 
250 usable plants per pound of seed. 
Stomach records: Gray fox, opossum. Observations: Probably much eaten 
by birds; opossum, squirrel, raccoon; leaves refused by captive marsh rabbits. 
Astrophyllum dumosum, see Choisya dwmosa. 
Atragene americana, see Clematis verticillaris. 
Atragene columbiana, see Clematis columbiana. 
Atragene occidentalis, see Clematis pseudoalpina. 
Atragene pseudoalpina, see Clematis pseudoalpina. 
Atriplex spp. Saltbushes. 
Monoecious or dioecious shrubs with a salty taste; the species harbor the 
spinach mildew and consequently should not be planted where spinach is a 
commercial crop. 
Stomach records (in addition to specific records): Twenty-nine species of 
birds, including Gambel quail; white-sided jack rabbit, gray-sided jack rabbit; 
black-tailed deer. Observations (in addition to specific records) : Three species 
of birds, including ring-necked pheasant; Oregon jack rabbit, in dry seasons. 
In general, of considerable importance as cover for plains wildlife. The salty 
taste may flavor milk and possibly have a bad effect on unweaned calves, 
lambs, and kids, although the same taste appears to increase the palatability 
to livestock. 
Atriplex breweri Wats. Brewer saltbush. 
A. lentiformis breweri (Wats.) Hall and Clem., A. orbicularis Wats. 
Range: 1, 5. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Achene. 
A large monoecious or dioecious shrub with abundant foliage; rapid growing ; 
very tolerant of salinity; foliage subject to leaf-mining insects; much culti- 
vated, especially as a clipped hedge plant; seeds produced in abundance; occurs 
on sand, clay, and other soils. 
Observations: California mule deer. Freely browsed by livestock. 
Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. (pl. 4, C). Wingscale. 
Calligonum canescens Pursh, A. garrettii Rydb., A. macropoda Rose and 
Standl., A. linearis Wats. 
Range: 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17. 
Site: Dry, sun. 
Fruit: Achene, available August-September. 
A small or rarely large, rapid-growing evergreen shrub; dioecious or rarely 
monoecious; tolerates alkali but not necessarily found on alkaline soil; root 
system extensive; taproots 30-40 feet deep; extremely drought resistant; will 
