70 MISC. PUBLICATION 303, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
Berberis spp. Barberries. 
Certain quarantines apply to the species here listed except B. thunbergii, 
Since they are secondary hosts for the black stem rust of grains. Although 
species are individually characterized as immune or susceptible to the disease, 
Federal quarantine officials should always be consulted before the species are 
used, planted, or shipped. 
Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : Ten species of birds, includ- 
ing ruffed grouse and ring-necked pheasant ; gray-sided jack rabbit. Observations 
(in addition to specific records) : Six species of birds; jack rabbit. 
Berberis aquifolium Pursh. (pl. 4, D). Oregon-grape. 
Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt., Cdostemon aquifolius (Pursh) Rydb., 
Odostemon nutkanus Rydb. 
Range: 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 14,12, 13,14, 15.46: 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun, shade. 
Fruit: Berry, available September—October. 
A small to large evergreen shrub with very thick foliage; flowers April—May ; 
several varieties in cultivation; fairly, but not completely, resistant to black 
stem rust. 
Stomach records: Three species of birds, including ruffed grouse and dusky 
grouse; mountain sheep. Observations: Rocky Mountain black-tailed deer. 
Eerberis californicum Jeps. California hollygrape. 
Odostemon dictyotus Abrams. 
Range: 3, 4, 5, 10. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Berry. 
A small to large evergreen shrub; slightly susceptible to black stem rust. 
Observations: Of slight importance as browse for mule deer. 
Berberis canadensis Pursh. American barberry. 
Range: 25, 27, 28. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Berry; available in September, long persistent. 
A small to large, spiny shrub; flowers in June; occurs on limestone, sand- 
stone, or acid soils; susceptible to black stem rust. 
Berberis fendleri Gray. Fendler barberry. 
Range: 11, 18, 14. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Berry, available in September. 
A small to large, spiny shrub; flowers May—June; susceptible to black stem 
rust. 
Berberis fremontii Torr. Fremont hollygrape. 
Mahonia fremontii (Torr.) Fedde, Odostemon fremontii (Torr.) Abrams. 
Range: 9, 10, 11, 18, 14. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Berry, available August-September. 
A small to large evergreen shrub; flowers May-June; often forms dense 
clumps; very tolerant of arid conditions of soil and atmosphere; susceptible to 
black stem rust; seed germination 90 percent or less. 
Stomach records: Black-tailed deer. Observations: Mule deer, New Mexico 
black bear. 
Berberis haematocarpa Woot. Red hollygrape. 
Odostemon haematocarpus (Woot.) Heller, Mahonia haematocarpa Fedde. 
Range: 10, 11, 14. 
Site: Dry, sun. 
Fruit: Berry, available in August. 
A smali to large evergreen shrub; susceptible to black stem rust; about 
103,000 seeds per pound. 
Observations: Numerous birds, including Gambel quail; mule deer. 
Berberis japonica, see Berberis thunbergii. 
Berberis nana, see Berberis repens. 
