NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 83 
Carya peean (Marsh.) Engl. and Graebn. Pecan. 
C. illinoensis (Wang.) Koch, 0. olivaeformis Nutt., Hicoria pecan (Marsh. ) 
Britt. 
Range: 16, 20, 22, 25, 29, 30. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Nut, available September—October. 
A large tree; taproot short, root system spreading; usually occurs on fertile 
soil; comparatively rapid growing (for a hickory), long-lived; ability to stump 
sprout decreases with age; easily frost-damaged; somewhat injured by bark 
beetles; wood much inferior to other hickories, unimportant commercially 
although somewhat used for fuel; nuts probably do not mature northward 
because of frost; difficult to transplant; most cultivated forms, of which there 
are about 100 named varieties, have larger nuts with thinner shells than the 
wild species; 100 seeds per pound, germination about 85 percent; about 35 
usable plants per pound of seed; a hybrid between this and C. laciniosa is 
recognized as the Nussbaumer hickory and between this and C. cordiformis as 
Brown’s hickory. 
Stomach records: Six species of birds; opossum. Observations: Three species 
of birds including wild turkey ; bassarisecus, peccary. 
Carya porcina, see Carya glabra. 
Carya sulcata, see Carya laciniosa. 
Carya texana DC. Bitter pecan. 
Hicoria texana (Le Conte) Britt. 
Range: 29, 30. 
Site: Well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Nut, available September—October. 
A large tree. 
Carya tomentosa, see Carya alba. 
Carya villosa Schneid. Pignut hickory, 
C. buckleyi villosa Sarg., Hicoria villosa (Sarg.) Ashe, H. glabra villosa 
Sarg. 
Range: 20, 22, 25. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Nut, available October-November. 
A large, drought-resistant tree; occurs on sandy or other soils, 
Caryopitis edulis, see Pinus edulis. 
Caryopitis monophylla, see Pinus monophylla. 
Cassandra calyculata, see Chamaedaphne calyculata. 
Cassia armata Wats. Senna. 
Xerocassia armata (Wats.) Britt. and Rose. 
Range: 10. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit : Legume. 
A small, much-branched shrub, leafless most of the year; may occur on sandy 
or other soils. 
Cassia covesii Gray. Senna. 
Harleocassia covesii (Gray) Britt. 
Range: 9, 10, 11. 
Site: Dry, sun. 
Fruit: Legume. 
A small shrub; often only herbaceous in the eastern part of its range. 
Cassia wislizenii Gray. 
Palmerocassia wislizenii (Gray) Britt. 
Range: 11. 
Site: Dry, sun. 
Fruit: Legume. 
A small to large, much-branched, spreading shrub. 
Cassiope hypnoides (L.) Don. 
Range: 23, 24, 26, 27. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Capsule. 
A small, evergreen shrub; flowers June-July; procumbent and tufted, some- 
what mosslike; occurs on alpine summits. 
