NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 85 
A large shrub to small or large tree; grows in sand, loam, clay, and other 
soils; coppices freely when cut; wood used to some extent commercially ; 250 
seeds per pound, germination about 60 percent, about 50 usable plants per pound 
of seed. 
Stomach records: Three species of birds. 
Castanopsis spp. Chinquapins. 
The species have been found experimentally susceptible to the chestnut blight. 
This disease is present in California in three commercial chestnut plantings 
where the burning of attacked individuals as a control measure is being actively 
pursued with success. 
Observations (in addition to specific records): Allen’s chipmunk, golden- 
mantled ground squirrel. 
Castanopsis chrysophylla (Dougl.) DC. (pl. 5, B). Golden chinquapin. 
Range: 1, 4, 6. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Nut, available in September of the second season. 
A small to large evergreen tree; thicket-forming; wood rarely used commer- 
cially ; fruits sparingly. 
Var. minor (Benth.) DC., the golden chinquapin, is a large shrub in region 4. 
Observations: Of fair importance for mule deer. 
Castanopsis sempervirens (Kell.) Dudl. California chinquapin. 
C. chrysophylla minor Wats. 
Range: 4, 5. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Nut, available September—October of the second season. 
A small to large, spreading evergreen shrub. 
Observations: Bighorn. Seldom touched by livestock; concentrated feeding 
may result in poisoning. 
Castela nicholsonii Hook. Goatbush. 
Range: 11, 17. 
Site: Dry, sun. 
Fruit: Drupe. 
A small, spiny, rigid shrub. 
Castela texana (Torr. and Gray) Rose. Goatbush. 
C. nicholsonii texana Torr. and Gray. 
Range: 11, 16, 17, 20. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Drupe. 
A small to large, rigid, spinescent shrub; thicket-forming; resistant to cattle 
as a hedge. 
Castilleja hololeuca Greene. Bush paintbrush. 
Range: 5. 
Site: Dry, sun. 
Fruit: Capsule. 
A small shrub. 
Catalpa spp. Catalpa. 
Propagation of all species is by seed sown in Spring after stratification. 
Catalpa bignonioides Walt. Common catalpa. 
C. catalpa (1.) Karst. 
Range: 22, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30. 
Site: Well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: A long capsule, available September to spring. 
A large tree; flowers May—June; wood highly valued for fence posts. The 
original range is now uncertain, having been extended by plantings. 
Catalpa catalpa, see Catalpa bignonioides. 
Catalpa speciosa Engelm. Hardy catalpa. 
Rangsery ode) 2a Delo: 
Site: Well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: A long capsule, available September to spring. 
A large tree; flowers May-June; extensively planted and probably escaping 
in many places; rapid growing, relatively short-lived; easily injured by frost, 
storms, insects, and fungi; coppices freely; wood seldom used commercially 
although much used for fence posts; about 23,000 seeds per pound, germination 
about 80 percent; about 5,000 usable plants per pound of seed. 
