NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 113 
Special mention should be made of Crataegus brevispina (Dougl.) Heller, 
(C. douglasii Lindl.) (pl. 9, C) occurring in the northwest. This form makes 
dense thickets in more moist soils and produces its blue-black fruit in great 
abundance. Observers have noted that the ring-necked pheasant, Hungarian 
partridge and various western quails feed extensively on the berries. Two 
other western hawthorns, C. columbiana Howell, and @. piperi Britt, both 
red-fruited, occur in extremely dry situations and appear to be potentially of 
value in erosion control, more notably in the more arid sections of Oregon, 
Washington, and Idaho. 
Stomach records (summary) : Thirty-six species of birds, including bobwhite 
and eastern ruffed grouse; composed 9.63 percent of food eaten by ruffed grouse 
in the northeastern United States; gray fox, white-tailed deer. Observations 
(summary): Seventeen species of birds including Hungarian partridge, sharp- 
tailed grouse, ring-necked pheasant ; white-tailed deer (in some localities, ignored 
in others), cottontail rabbit. Browsed somewhat by livestock. Considered 
valuable honey plants, especially where they occur in abundance. 
Crataegus pyracantha, see Cotoneaster pyracantha. 
Crookea microsepala (Torr. and Gray) Small. 
Ascyrum microsepalum Torr. and Gray, Hypericum microsepalum (Torr. 
and Gray) Gray. 
Range: 29, 30. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Capsule. 
A smail evergreen shrub; often occurs in sandy soil. 
Crossosoma bigelovii Wats. 
Range: 10, 11. 
Site: Dry, sun. 
Fruit: Follicle. 
A small, spreading, spinescent shrub; flowers in April. 
Crossosoma californicum Nutt. 
Range: 5. 
Site: Dry, sun. 
Fruit: Follicle. 
A small to large shrub or small tree; flowers in May. 
Crossosoma parviflorum Robins. and Fern. 
Range: 9, 10, 11. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Follicle. 
A small to large shrub. 
Crossostephium californicum, see Artemisia californica. 
Crossostephium foliosum, see Artemisia californica. 
Crossostephium insulare, see Artemisia californica. 
Croton spp. 
Stomach records (in addition to specific records, and including herbaceous 
as well as woody species) : Thirty-six species of birds, including bobwhite, Cali- 
fornia quail, greater and lesser prairie chicken, and mourning dove. 
Croton alabamensis Smith. Alabama croton. 
Range: 29. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Capsule. 
A large, much-branched thicket-forming evergreen shrub; flowers May—June; 
very rare. 
Croton berlandieri, see Croton humilis. 
Croton cortesianus H. B. K. 
C. trichocarpus Torr. 
Range: 17. 
Site: Dry, sun. 
Fruit: Capsule. 
A large shrub. 
