118 MISC. PUBLICATION 3038, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
A large shrub to small or large tree; flowers May-June; often forms dense 
thickets on dry, eroded slopes; stoloniferous; root system, including taproot, 
and stolons deep and wide spreading; trees produced from stolons usually do 
not reach large size; survives on extremely adverse sites; often difficult to 
eradicate from cultivated fields and pastures; fruits prolifically ; various forms 
have been described varying in habit, fruit production, ete.; will grow in stand- 
ing water for several months; forms have been observed which hold the fruit 
until March; fruits while still very young; occurs in sand, clay, loam, and other 
soils; occurs on coal-stripped lands in southern Illinois; wood used to some 
extent commercially; propagation is by seed stratified at 41°-50° F. for 365 
days and sown in spring; 1,000 seeds per pound, germination about 80 percent. 
Stomach records: Six species of birds,, including bobwhite; raccoon, spotted 
skunk, gray fox, red fox, white-tailed deer. Observations: Sixteen species of 
birds, including wild turkey; gray fox, red fox; much eaten by Virginia opossum; 
flying squirrel, spotted skunk; leaves refused by captive marsh rabbits; white- 
tailed deer. Not browsed by cattle; fruit greedily eaten by hogs. 
Diphysa echinata, see Dipnysa thurberi. 
Diphysa thurberi (Gray) Rydb. ‘ 
D. echinata Rose, Daubentonia thurberi Gray. 
Range: 11. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Legume. 
A small to large shrub. 
Diplacus arachnoides, see Mimulus longifiorus. 
Diplacus aridus, see Vimulus aridus. 
Diplacus aurantiacus, see Mimulus aurantiacus. 
Diplacus longiflorus, see Mimulus longiflorus. 
Diplacus parviflorus, see Mimulus flemingii. 
Diplacus puniceus, see Mimulus pwniceus. 
Diplostephium canum, see Aplopappus canus. 
Dirca occidentalis Gray. Western leatherwood. 
Range: 1. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Drupe, available in June. 
A small to large shrub; flowers February-March; colony forming; fruit 
rarely developed in any quantity; spreads by means of shoots developed from 
long roots; propagated by seed sown in fall or spring; difficult to transplant. 
Dirca palustris L. Leatherwood. 
Range: 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun, shade. 
Fruit: Drupe, available May—June, dropping at once or occasionally 
persistent. 
A small to large shrub; widely branching when old; flowers March—April; 
free from insects and disease; ordinarily oecurs in sterile soil of all kinds; 
propagation is by seed sown in fall or spring; berries said to be narcotic. 
Observations: Moose; poorly eaten by white-tailed deer. 
Distegia involucrata, see Lonicera involucrata. 
Dodonaea arizonica Nels. Hopbush. 
D, viscosa angustifolia (L. f.) Benth. 
Range: 11. 
Site: Dry, sun. 
Fruit: Capsule. 
A large shrub or rarely a small tree; often occurs on calcareous soils; pro- 
duces seed abundantly; germination of seed at least 44 percent. Sometimes 
nibbled by stock but since it is a fish poison containing saponin it should be 
closely watched in time of scarcity of food for livestock. 
Observations: Relished by Gambel quail and other birds. 
Drejera thurberi, see Anisacanthus thurberi. 
