132 MISC. PUBLICATION 303, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
Fraxinus papillosa, see Fraxinus velutina. 
Fraxinus paucifiora Nutt. Water ash. 
F. floridana Sarg. 
Range: 29, 30, 31. 
Site: Moist, sun. 
Fruit: Samara. 
A large dioecious tree; flowers in March; more abundant southward. 
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Red ash. 
F., darlingtonii Britt., F. smallit Britt. 
Range: 15, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. 
Site: Well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Samara, available September—October. 
A large dioecious tree; flowers April-May; root system shallow; fairly im- 
mune from insects and fungus diseases; easily injured by fire; rapid growing 
when young, later slower; coppice does not develop into large trees; wood used 
commercially; 11,000 seeds per pound, germination 50 percent. Between this 
and its varieties occur many intergrading forms. 
Var. lanceolata Sarg., the green ash (F. viridis Michx. f., F. lanceotata 
Borkh.) will grow in much drier situations than the species and occurs in 
regions 12 and 17 in addition to the areas noted for the species; root system 
shallow, widespreading; rapid growing when young, later slower; grows on coal- 
stripped lands in Illinois; not short-lived; generally free from insects and dis- 
eases; easily injured by fire; 16,000-17,000 seeds per pound, germination about 
85 percent, about 3,000 usable plants per pound of seed. Also considered a sepa- 
rate species and rather distinct in the Hast but much less so westward. 
Observations: Three species of birds; white-tailed deer, cottontail rabbit, 
snowshoe hare. 
Fraxinus pistaciaefolia, see Fravinus velutina. 
Fraxinus platycarpa, see Fragvinus carolinianda. 
Fraxinus profunda Bush. Pumpkin ash. 
F. americana profunda Britt. 
Range: 25, 27, 29, 30. 
Site: Well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Samara, available September—October. 
A large dioecious tree; flowers April-May; leaves very large. 
Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx. Blue ash. 
Range: 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 29. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Samara, available June—October. 
A large, perfect or dioecious tree; flowers March-April; occurs on limestone 
and other soils; root system shallow, spreading; grows on drier soils than any 
other of the ashes in their native habitats; rapid growing, rather short-lived; 
wood most durable of all ashes, used commercially ; 7,000 seeds per pound. 
Fraxinus sambucifolia, see Frazinus nigra. 
Fraxinus smallii, see Frazinus pennsylvanicda. 
Fraxinus standleyi, see Fravinus velutina. 
Fraxinus texensis (Gray) Sarg. Texas ash. 
F. americana tetensis Gray. 
Range: 16, 17, 20, 25. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Samara. 
A large dioecious tree; flowers in March; often occurs on limestone soil. 
Fraxinus toumeyi, see Fraxinus velutina. 
Fraxinus velutina Torr. Velvet ash. 
F. pistaciaefolia Torr., F. glabra Thornb., F. velutina glabra (Thornb.)' 
Rehd., F. papillosa Lingels., F. standleyi Rehder., F. standleyi lasia 
Rehder. 
Range: 9, 10, 11, 14, 16, 17, 20. 
Site: Well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Samara, available in September. 
