NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 149 
Observations: Pinyon jay, Townsend solitaire; of slight importance as browse 
for mule deer. 
Juniperus pachyphloea Torr. Alligator juniper. 
J. mexicana pachyphloea Torr., Sabina pachyphloea (Torr.) Lewis. 
Range: 11, 14, 17. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Berry, available September-December. 
A small to large, dioecious, evergreen tree; seasoned wood durable, used 
locally; slow growing, long-lived; fruit matures slowly and remains in good 
condition either on or off the tree for a considerable period. 
Observations: Wild turkey; New Mexico black bear, Couch rock squirrel; 
extensively eaten by gray fox; deer; considered of first importance as food 
for big game in New Mexico. Haten by all classes of livestock. 
Juniperus pinchotii Sudw. Red-berry juniper, 
Sabina pinchotii (Sudw.) Lewis. 
Range seb 1G. 20: 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Berry, available all year round. 
A large shrub to small or large tree; evergreen; coppices freely when cut; 
wood durable but soft; very local. 
Juniperus sabinoides, see Juniperus mexicana. 
Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. (pl. 18, B). Rocky Mountain red cedar. 
Sabina scopulorum (Sarg.) Lewis. 
Range: 2, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 138, 14, 15, 16. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Berry; ripening the second season, available all year round. 
A large shrub to small or large tree; evergreen; dioecious, slow growing, 
long-lived ; 20,000-30,000 seeds per pound. 
Stomach records: Townsend’s solitaire; bighorn. 
Juniperus sibirica, see Juniperus communis. 
Juniperus utahensis (Engelm.) Lemmon. Utah juniper. 
J. californica utahensis Engelm., J. knightii Nels., Sabina wutahensis 
(Engelm.) Rydb. 
Range: 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Berry; available in September, persistent all year. 
A small to large, evergreen tree; 6,000—-7,000 seeds per pound. 
Stomach records: Avocet; Utah cliff chipmunk, black-tailed deer. Observa- 
tions: Deer. Haten to some extent by goats. 
Juniperus virginiana L. Eastern red cedar. 
Sabina virginiana (L.) Antoine. 
Ranger S20 21 22. 2a. 24, 20. 265 Al, 2d, 20. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 
Kruit: Berry; available September—November, persistent all year round. 
A large evergreen tree; at first deep rooted, but root system becomes more 
shallow with age; thrives in many kinds of soil, including limestone, dolomitic, 
and rarely granitic and siliceous soils; slow growing and long-lived; easily 
killed by fire; attacked by fungi; wood very durable, much used commercially ; 
18,000-30,000 seeds per pound, germination ordinarily 35-70 percent; from 
berries frozen in ice 21 days, seeds germinate in 35 days to 56 percent; resists 
grazing well; very drought resistant; notable secondary host to cedar apple 
rust; some 80 varieties distinguished in cultivation. 
Stomach records: Twenty-nine species of birds including bobwhite; oppossum. 
Observations: Fifty-two species of birds including bobwhite, prairie sharp- 
tailed grouse, ring-necked pheasant, and mourning dove; cottontail rabbit, moose. 
Kalmia sp. 
Observations (in addition to specific records) : Ruffed grouse. 
Kalmia angustifolia L. Narrow-leaved laurel. 
Range: 24, 26, 27, 28, 29. 
Site. Well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 
Fruit: Capsule. 
A small evergreen shrub; usually occurs on acid soil; flowers June—July. 
Stomach records: Ruffed grouse. Poisonous to sheep and cattle. 
