152 MISC. PUBLICATION 303, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
Lantana lippioides, see Lippia geminata. 
Lantana macropoda Torr. 
Range: 11, 17, 20. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Drupe. 
A small shrub. 
Lantana velutina, see Lantana involucrata. 
Larix spp. Larches. 
Dioecious, deciduous trees, nine of which are known, three occurring in North 
America ; propagation is by Seed sown in spring. 
Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : Three species of birds, in- 
cluding ruffed grouse; plains white-tailed deer. Observations (in addition to 
specific records): Five species of birds, including Franklin grouse; Olympic 
black bear; rarely cut for building material, not food, by beaver. 
Larix americana, see Larix laricina. 
Larix laricina (Du Roi) Koch. Tamarack, 
LL. americana Michx. 
Range: 22, 23, 24, 26, 27: 
Site: Well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Cone; mature the autumn of the first season, seeds shed during 
fall and winter, cones persistent 1 or 2 years longer. 
A large tree; root system shallow and spreading on wet sites, deeper on drier 
sites; rapid growing until 35 to 45 years old, then slower on ordinary Sites, or 
on poor sites generally slow growing; intolerant of shade; not fire resistant; 
susceptible to the attacks of the larch sawfly; very old trees produce less seed 
and irregularly ; 90,000 seeds per pound ; wood hard, of importance commercially ; 
quite intolerant of drier soils. 
Stomach records: Four species of birds, including ruffed grouse and northern 
sharp-tailed grouse. Observations: Hight species of birds, including spruce 
grouse, northern sharp-tailed grouse, emergency food of prairie sharp-tailed 
grouse; snowshoe hare, porcupine, red squirrel; casually browsed by northern 
white-tailed deer. 
Larix lyaliii Parl. Alpine larch. 
Range: 4, 12. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Cone; ripens in August of the first season; seeds shed at once, 
cones soon falling. 
A large, long-lived tree; wood hard, tough, heavy, somewhat used commer- 
cially. 
Stomach records: Plains white-tailed deer. 
Larix occidentalis Nutt. Western larch, 
Range: 4, 12. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Cone; mature in August-September of the first season; seeds 
soon shed, cones soon falling. 
A large tree; rapid growing only in juvenile stages; long-lived; grows best in 
well-drained soils; intolerant of shade, especially on dry soils; resistant to fire 
after the pole stage; generally free from insects and diseases; weod very heavy, 
very durable, and of value commercially; prolific seeder in good years, but 
sterile periods often occur for 1 or 2 seasons; has not been successful as an 
ornamental in the Hast; 100,000-150,000 seeds per pound, germination 19-30 
percent. 
Stomach records: Plains white-tailed deer. 
Larrea, see Covillea. 
Lasiococcus dumosus, see Gaylussacia dumosa. 
Lasiococcus mosieri, see Gaylussacia dumosa. 
Laurocerasus caroliniana, see Prunus caroliniana. 
Laurus albida, see Sassafras albidum. 
Lauris geniculata, see Glabraria geniculata. 
