NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 157 
Stomach records: Twelve species of birds, including bobwhite and wild 
turkey. Observations: Thirteen species of birds, including bobwhite; ranks 
sixteenth in the list of quail food plants of the southeast; captive marsh 
rabbits, eastern chipmunk, gray squirrel. 
Liriodendron tulipifera L. Tuliptree. 
Range: 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Samara, available September—November. 
A large tree; occurs on a variety of soils; flowers May—June; root system 
deep, wide spreading; not easily transplanted when young; rapid growing 
when young, later slower; comparatively long-lived; Seriously injured by fire; 
free from insects and diseases; coppices freely; wood durable, of importance 
commercially; a pioneer in gullies, often forming thickets in rapidly gullying 
ravines; 12,000-14,000 seeds per pound, germination 2-12 percent, slow. 
Stomach records: Four species of birds, including bobwhite; white-tailed 
deer. Observations: Three species of birds; cottontail rabbit, white-tailed deer, 
red squirrel. 
Lithocarpus densiflora (Hook. and Arn.) Rehd. Tan oak. 
Pasania densifiora Orst., Quercus densiflora, Hook. and Arn. 
Range: 1, 4. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 
Fruit: Nut, mature at the end of the second season. 
A large evergreen tree; slow growing; free from insects and fungi; wind- 
firm; much damaged by fire; stump sprouts abundantly after injury; very 
aggressive; of great importance commercially for tannage; Second season after 
the bark is stripped a heavy crop of acorns is produced, the tree then dies. 
Var. echinoides Jeps. is a shrubbier form in region 4. 
Observations: Redwood chipmunk; of slight importance as browse for mule 
deer. Usually avoided by livestock. 
Litsea geniculata, see Glabraria geniculata. 
Lonicera spp. Honeysuckles. 
Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : Fourteen species of birds, 
including bobwhite, Gambel quail, sharp-tailed grouse, and ring-necked pheas- 
ant; Mono chipmunk, Coeur d’Alene chipmunk, buff-bellied chipmunk. Obser- 
vations (in addition to specific records): Six species of birds; moose. Most 
species are generally unpalatable to stock, although sometimes browsed. 
Lonicera albifiora Torr. and Gray. 
L. dumosa Gray. 
Range: 11, 14, 16, 17, 20. 
Site: Well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Berry, available October-November. 
A small to large, bushy shrub, or occasionally somewhat climbing. 
Lonicera altissima, see Lonicera oblongifolia. 
Lonicera arizonica Rehd. Arizona honeysuckle. 
Range: 11, 14. 
Site: Well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Berry. 
A vine. 
Lonicera caerulea, see Lonicera cauriana and L. villosa. 
Lonicera canadensis Marsh. American fly-honeysuckle. 
L. ciliata Muhl., Xylosteon ciliatwm (Muhl.) Pursh. 
Range: 23, 24, 26, 27. 
Site: Moist, shade. 
Fruit: Berry, available June-September. 
A small, straggling shrub; flowers April—May. 
Observations: White-tailed deer. 
Lonicera caprifolium L. Sweet honeysuckle 
Range: 22, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29. 
Site: Well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Berry, available August-September. 
A twining vine, or occasionally somewhat shrubby ; introduced from Europe 
but more or less established in regions indicated; flowers May-June. 
