184 MISC. PUBLICATION 303, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
Physocarpus monogynus (Torr.) Coult. 
P. torreyi Maxim., Cpulaster monogynus (Torr.) Kuntze. 
Range: 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. 
Site: Well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Wollicie. 
A small shrub; flowers May—July. 
Physocarpus epulifolius (L.) Maxim. Ninebark. 
P. australis (Rydb.) Rehd., P. michiganensis Daniels, Spiraea opulifolia L., 
Opulaster opulifoiius (L.) Kuntze, O. pauciflorus (Torr. and Gray) 
Heller, Neillia opulifolia Brew. and Wats. 
Range: 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28,. 29, 30. 
Site: Well-drained, moist, stn, shade. 
Fruit: Follicle, available September—October. 
A large shrub; flowers June—July ; 1,600,000 seeds per pound. 
Var. intermedius (Rydb.) Robins., (P. intermedius Schneid.. O. intermedius 
Ryab., P. missouriensis Daniels) occurs 2iso in regions 15, 16, 18, and 19. 
Stomach records: Three species of birds 
Physocarpus paucifiorus see Prysocarpus malvaceus. 
Physocarpus stellatus (Rydb.) Rehd. 
Opulasier stellatus Rydb., Opulaster alabamensis Rydb., OCpulaster inter- 
medius Small, not Rydb. 
Range: 28, 29, 30. 
Site: Well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Follicie. 
A smail to large shrub; flowers May—June. 
Physocarpus torreyi, see Physccarpus monogynus. 
Picea spp. Spruces. 
Evergreen, monoecious trees with cones maturing in a single season; important 
timber trees and unsurpassed as producers of paper pulp. 
Stomach recorés (in additien to specific records) : Twenty-eight species of 
birds, including ruffed grouse, Hungarian partridge, ring-necked pheasant ; porcu- 
pine, black-tailed Geer. Observations (in addition to specific records): Fifteen 
species of birds, including spruce, rufied, Franklin, and dusky grouse; much 
eaten by Cascade squirrel; Sierra chickaree, Richardseon’s squirrel, Townsend’s 
chipmunk, Allen’s chipmunk, Digger squirrel, Fremont pine squirrel, spruce 
squirrel, Olympic black bear, Arizona porcupine; rarely cut for building material, 
not food, by beaver. 
Picea alba, see Picea australis and P. canadensis. 
Picea albertiana Brown. Western white spruce. 
P. glauca altertiana (Brown) Rehd. 
Range: 4, 12. 15 (Black Hills). 
Site: Well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Cone. 
A large evergreen tree. 
Picea amabilis, see Abies amabdilis. 
Picea australis Smali. Southern spruce. 
P. alba Chapm. 
Range: 27. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Cone. 
A large evergreen tree. 
Picea breweriana Wats. Weeping spruce. 
Range: 4. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun, shade. 
Fruit: Cone; ripe in early fall, seed shed September—October, cones 
soon falling. 
A large evergreen tree; slow growing; wood of no importance commercially; 
has proven unsatisfactory in cultivation; very local in distribution; good seed 
years every 2 or 8 years. 
