NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 187 
rel, rock squirrel, Fremont squirrel, many flying squirrels; Texas plains coyote, 
New Mexico black bear, Olympic black bear. 
The five-needled pines are variously restricted by plant-quarantine measures, 
and movement or planting of stock should be preceded by conferences with 
State and/or Federal authorities. Certain species, because of their suscepti- 
bility to Woodgate rust, are prohibited from interstate movement in the State of 
New York. 
Pinus albicaulis Hngelm. Whitebark pine. 
Apinus albicaulis (Engelm.) Rydb. 
Range: 1, 4, 12, 13. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Cone; matures in August-September of the second season, per- 
sistently closed; seeds only liberated through the rotting of the 
cones. 
A large shrub to small or large tree; leaves five; often dwarfed and prostrate, 
especially in alpine situations; more tolerant of shade in moist than in dry 
situations; susceptible to blister rust; wood soft and brittle; 2,800 seeds per 
pound, germination 20 percent. 
Observations: Clark’s crow; poreupine, bighorn, red squirrel; seeds commonly 
extracted by squirrels and birds from the cones. 
Pinus apacheca Lemmon. Apache pine. 
Range: 11, 14. 
Site: Well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Cone; available September—October of the second season, soon 
falling. 
A large evergreen tree; leaves commonly three in a cluster; taproot well 
developed in seedling stages; at first rapid growing, later slower; intolerant 
of shade except when very young; wood hard. 
Observations: Seeds much eaten by birds and rodents. 
Pinus aristata Engelm. Bristlecone pine. 
Range: 9, 10, 11, 13, 14. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Cone; mature in August of the second season, seeds shed Sep- 
tember—October. 
A large evergreen tree; five-needled; often stunted at high elevations; with- 
stands prolonged drought in its native habitat; wood not used commercially ; 
susceptible to blister rust; 16,000 seeds per pound, 9.88 pound of seed per 
bushel of cones; germination of seed 66 percent. 
Observations: Seeds much eaten by rodents ; porcupine. 
Pinus arizonica Engelm. Arizona pine. 
P. ponderosa arizonica Shaw. 
Range: 11, 14, 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit : Cone mature August-September of the second season, seeds soon 
shed, cones soon falling. 
A large evergreen tree; commonly five-needled ; intclerant of shade except in 
seedling stages; wood of limited use commercially. 
Pinus attenuata Lemmon. Knobcone pine. 
P. tuberculata Gord. 
Range: 4, 10. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Cone; mature in September of the second season, persistent, 
closed as long as 30 years, opening when heated. 
A small to large evergreen tree; three-needled; very resistant to drought in 
its native habitats; easily killed by fire; intolerant of shade; wood soft; seeds 
produced annually abundantly ; seed vitality persistent. 
Pinus australis Michx. Longleaf pine. 
P, palustris Mill., in part. 
Range: 28, 29, 30. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Cone; seeds shed October—November of the second season, cones 
soon falling. 
A large evergreen tree; three-needled; often occurs in sandy soil; possesses a 
massive taproot; very intolerant of shade; does not form dense woods; fairly 
