NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 191 
Stomach records: Black-tailed deer. Observations: Seeds of great value gen- 
erally for wildlife; of slight importance as browse for mule deer. Seeds are 
much used as food by Indians, and commonly eaten by livestock. 
Pinus monticola Dougl. Western white pine. 
Strobus monticola (Dougl.) Rydb. 
Range: 1, 4, 12. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Cone; mature in September of the second season, seeds soon 
shed, cones soon falling. 
A large evergreen tree; five-needled; seedlings with a large taproot, difficult 
to transplant; somewhat tolerant of shade in early stages, later intolerant; 
susceptible to blister rust; wood of great commercial value; most seed is pro- 
duced by the dominant and codominant crown classes of trees; 14,000-29,000 
seeds per pound, germination 18-44 percent; largest cones produce the best- 
quality seeds; in pure stands 21% to 5 pounds of viable seed is produced per 
acre, in moderately good seed years; trees 70 to 100 years old produce a larger 
quantity of viable seed than older trees; seeds first borne by trees from 40 
to 60 years of age; long-lived. 
Observations: Say’s chipmunk, porcupine; of slight importance as browse for 
mule deer. 
Pinus muricata Don. Bishop pine. 
Range: 1, 5. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Cone; mature in August of the second season, persistent closed 
for many years. 
A large evergreen tree; two-needled; grows especially well in water-soaked 
sand but thrives also in dry soil; fairly tolerant of shade; an aggressive species; 
adaptable to many difficult positions; wood of value commercially ; 18,000-60,000 
seeds per pound. 
Pinus murrayana Balf. Lodgepole pine. 
P. contorta murrayana (Balf.) Engelm., P. contorta latifolia Wats. 
Range: 2, 4, 10, 12, 18, 14, 15. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Cone; mature August-September of the second season, seeds 
shed at once or over a period of years. 
A small to large evergreen tree; two-needled ; intolerant of shade; easily killed 
by fire; comparatively free from fungi; not wind-firm; root system shallow, or 
deep on well-drained, deep soil; susceptible to sunscald ; 76,000-110,000 seeds per 
pound, germination 63 percent. 
Stomach records: Sierra grouse; plains white-tailed deer. Observations: 
Three species of birds, including Franklin grouse; porcupine, Sierra chickaree, 
Fremont pine squirrel, red squirrel, Yosemite cony; western chipmunk; an im- 
portant browse cf deer and elk in the northern Rocky Mountains. 
Pinus palustris, see also Pinus australis. 
Pinus palustris Mill. Swamp pine. 
Range: 29, 30. 
Site: Moist, sun. 
Fruit: Cone. 
A large evergreen tree; two-needled; grows particularly well near the sea; 
4,000-8,000 seeds per pound, germination 46-87 percent. See P. australis for 
what has heretofor been known as the longleaf pine. 
Pinus parryana Engelm. Parry pifion. 
P. cembroides parryana Voss., P. quadrifolia Parry. 
Range: 5, 10. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Cone; ripe in August of the second season, seeds shed before 
the middle of September. 
A small to large evergreen tree; commonly four-needled; slow growing; some- 
what tolerant of shade in the early stages; wood without commercial value. 
Observations: Seeds much eaten by birds and squirrels. 
Pinus ponderosa Laws. Western yellow pine. 
Range: 4. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Cone; ripe August-September of the second season, seeds soon 
shed, cones soon falling. 
33772°—38——1, 
