192 MISC. PUBLICATION 303, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
A large evergreen tree; three-needled; wood of great commercial value. 
Stomach records: Seven species of birds including California quail. Observa- 
tions: Four species of birds including sooty grouse; porcupine, Columbian gray 
squirrel, Sierra chickaree, California gray squirrel; of outstanding importance 
as browse for mule deer. (Records of utilization of this species may apply 
partially to P. brachyptera.) 
Pinus pungens Lam. Mountain pine. 
Range: 25, 27. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Cone; seeds shed in autumn of the second season or within 
2 or 3 years, cones persistent 18 to 20 years but seeds often sterile 
with age. 
A large evergreen tree; two-needled; rather slow growing; intolerant of 
shade; bears seed when 5 years old; often occurs on dry, gravelly slopes but 
grows also in moist clay; aggressive in old fietds; 40,500 seeds per pound, 
germination 60-90 percent. 
Pinus quadrifolia, see Pinus parryana. 
Pinus radiata Don. Monterey pine. 
Range: 1, 5. 
Site: Well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Cone; mature in August of the second season, persistent closed 
6 to 10 years, opening when heated. 
A large, often flat-topped evergreen tree; three-needled; occurs naturally in 
only a few scattered colonies; short-lived in arid situations; does not thrive 
in wet soils; rapid growing; somewhat tolerant of shade; prolific annual 
seeder; wood little used because scarce; humus from the species accumulates 
rapidly; tolerant of saline conditions; 20,000 seeds per pound. 
Stomach records: Two species of birds. 
Pinus remorata Mason. Santa Cruz Island pine. 
P. radiata binata Lemmon. 
Range: 5. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Cone. 
A large evergreen tree; two-needled. 
Pinus resinosa Ait. Red pine. 
Range: 23, 24, 26, 27. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Cone; ripe in September, seeds soon shed, cones falling the 
next spring. 
A large evergreen tree; two-needled; rapid growing; intolerant of shade; 
withstands severe cold and drought; resistant to fire; much more resistant to 
insects and diseases than white pine; rarely seeds abundantly; typical of, 
but not restricted to sandy soils; prunes itself early in close stands; wood not 
durable in soil, much used commercially; 30,000-69,000 seeds per pound, ger- 
mination 50-87 percent; easily transplanted. 
Stomach records: One species of bird. Observations: Cottontail rabbit. 
Pinus rigida Mill. Pitch pine. 
Range: 26, 27. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Cone; mature the second season, opening Slowly, persistent 
several years. 
A large evergreen tree; three-needled; grows in dry, rocky, sandy, and other 
sterile soils; coppices when cut; rapid growing when establHshed; extremely 
resistant to fire; wood somewhat used commercially; 35,000-73,000 seeds per 
pound, germination 70 percent. 
Stomach records: Three species of birds including ruffed grouse; white-tailed 
deer. Observations: Seven species of birds; a preferred food of red squirrels. 
Pinus sabiniana Dougl. Digger pine. 
Range: 4. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Cone; mature in September of the second season, seeds shed 
during several years, cones persistent several years longer. 
