914 #£xMISC. PUBLICATION 303, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
A large tree; root system shallow; rapid growing, short-lived; much attacked 
by dry rot; coppices produced by young trees only; wood of importance com- 
mercially; much cultivated; apparently not drought resistant; 156-400 seeds 
per pound, germination 75 percent. Var. twberculata Sarg. has larger acorns 
and occurs within the range of the species southward. 
Observations: Bluejay, Sharp-tailed grouse; white-tailed deer. 
Quercus confusa Woot. and Standl. 
Range: 11, 14. 
Site: Well-drained, sun. — 
Fruit: Acorn, annual. 
A small, somewhat evergreen tree. 
Quercus densiflora, see Lithocarpus densiflora. 
Quercus digitata, see Quercus rubra. 
Guercus diversicolor Trel. Netleaf oak. 
Q. reticulata of auths., not H. B. K. 
Range: 10, 11, 14. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Acorn, annual. 
A small to large shrub or small to large tree; evergreen. 
Observations: Thick-billed parrot. Fair summer browse for stock. 
Quercus douglasii Hook. and Arn. California blue oak, 
Range: 1, 374; 5510. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Acorn, annual. 
A small to large tree; Slow growing; stump sprouts produced; subject to dry 
rot; wood much used locally for fuel; seed produced abundantly. 
Observations: Of slight importance as browse for mule deer. Acorns much 
used for livestock feeding. 
Quercus dumosa Nutt. California scrub oak. 
Range: 1, 8, 4, 5, 10. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Acorn, annual. 
A large shrub to small, or rarely large tree; evergreen; root system deep, 
taproot well developed, especially in Seedling stages; commonly occurs in sterile 
soils; branches numerous, closely tangled, starting near from the ground; acorn 
crop ordinarily light and very uncertain; grows on all kinds of soils; killed 
by severe fires, but if not too severely burned, coppices and within 3 years 
again produces good cover; a Small tree only on the California islands. 
Var. macdonaldii (Greene) Jeps., (Q. macdonaldii Greene), the MacDonald 
oak, is in region 5, and has been claimed to be a hybrid between Q. dumosa and 
Q. engelmannii. Var. bullata Engelm. (Q. durata Jeps.), the leather oak, is a 
spreading, thicket-forming shrub occurring in regions 1 and 5. Var. alvordiana 
(Hastw.) Jeps. (0. aivordiana HBastw.) occurs in region 5. Var. turbinella 
(Greene) Jeps. (Q. turdinella Greene), occurring in regions 5, 9, 11 and 14, is 
a small to large shrub considered a valuable winter browse plant for livestock. 
lt has been observed to be eaten by Mearns, Gambel, and scaled quail. 
Observations: Of outstanding importance as browse for mule deer. Im- 
portant as a sheep and goat browse but distinctly inferior for cattle. The 
high tannin content of the plant necessitates careful handling of lambs where 
it occurs. 
Quercus durandii Buckl. Durand white oak. 
Q. breviloba (Torr.) Sarg., in part., Q. sinuata Walt., Q. austrina Small. 
Range: 20, 29, 30. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Acorn, annual. 
A large shrub to large tree; thicket forming and shrubby westward; occurs 
on limestone and other soils. 
Quercus durata, see Quercus dumosa. 
Quercus eastwoodiae Rydb. 
Range: 11, 18. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Acorn, annual. 
A large shrub; not thicket forming. 
