NATIVH WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 223 
Quercus vreelandii Rydb. 
Range: 11, 18, 14. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Acorn, annual. 
A small to large shrub. 
Quercus wilcoxii Rydb. Wilcox oak. 
Range: 9, 11, 14. 
Site: Dry, sun. 
Fruit: Acorn, biennial. 
A small to large shrub or rarely a small tree; evergreen; thicket forming. 
Not eaten to any extent by cattle. 
Quercus wislizensii DC. Highland live oak. 
Range: 4, 5, 10. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Acorn, biennial. 
A large shrub to small or large tree; evergreen; not as tolerant of shade 
as formerly supposed; coppices quickly after fires, but such growth is slow; 
attacked by mistletoe; makes good soil cover; acorns not produced in very 
great quantities; wood not durable, locally valuable as fuel; occurs in loam, 
gravel, and other soils; near the coast and on the California islands generally 
shrubby. 
Observations: Of fair importance as browse for mule deer. 
Ramona incana, see Salvia carnosa. 
Ramona polystachya, see Salvia apianda. 
Ramona stachyoides, see Salvia mellifera. 
Raphis acaulis, see Sabal minor. 
Rhamnus spp. Buckthorns. 
Most species occur on neutral soil; some species are secondary hosts for the 
crown rust of oats; propagation is by seeds stratified and sown in spring or 
by soft or hardwood cuttings made at the nodes. 
Observations (in addition to specific records) : Three species of birds; gen- 
erally relished by birds. Evergreen species have a limited value as browse 
for livestock in winter. 
Rhamuus alnifolia L’ Her. Alder-leaved buckthorn. 
Range: 4, 12, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27. 
Site: Well-drained, moist, shade. 
Fruit: Drupe, available July—September. 
A small shrub; flowers May-June; branches decumbent, rooting; thicket 
forming. Of no value as browse for cattle; poor to fair browse for sheep. 
Rhamuus betulaefolia Greene. Birchleaf buckthorn. 
R. californica betulaefolia (Greene) Trel., R. confinis Greene, R. ellipsoidea 
Greene, R. revoluta Rose. 
Range: 9, 11, 14. 
Site: Well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 
Fruit: Drupe, available, September—October. 
A small to large shrub; flowers May-June; not a secondary host for oat 
crown rust. 
Rhamnus californica Hsch. California buckthorn. 
Range: 1, 3, 4, 5, 10. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Drupe, available August-September. 
A large evergreen shrub; flowers March-April; a secondary host for the rust 
of velvet grass but not oats. 
Var. tomentella (Benth.) Brewer and Wats. (R. tomentella Benth., R. ursina 
Greene) (pl. 27, B), commonly more compact, bushy, and robust than the 
species, occurs in regions 38, 4, 5, 10, and 11. Var. viridis Jeps. (R. cuspidata 
Greene) occurs in regions 4, 5, 9, and 10. Var. obtusissima (Greene) Jeps., 
(2. obtusissima Greene) occurs in region 4. Var. occidentalis (Howell) Jeps. 
(R. occidentalis Howell), occurs in region 1. 
Stomach records: Seven species of birds. Observations: Four species of birds, 
including band-tailed pigeon; California mule deer, black bear. Of some im- 
33772°—38-—_15 
