NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 263 
house red spider mite. For this reason the species should be used with con- 
siderable caution. 
Stomach records: Hight species of birds, including ruffed grouse, bobwhite, 
and ring-necked pheasant; composed 0.3 percent of total annual food, and 3.9 
percent of fruit food of ring-necked pheasant in Michigan. Observations: Red- 
eyed vireo; an important food of pheasants in southern Michigan; black duck, 
white-tailed deer, cottontail rabbit. 
Sophora affinis Torr. and Gray. Coralbean. 
Range: 10, 16, 20, 25, 29. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Legume; availabie September—October, persistent through the 
winter. 
A large shrub to small tree; flowers in June; occurs in limestone and other 
soils. 
Sophora arizonica Wats. - 
Range: 10, 11. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Legume, available in May. 
A large, handsome, shrub; flowers in March. 
Sophora secundifiora (Cay.) DC. Frigolito. 
BLroussonetia secundifiora Orteg. 
Range: 11, 16, 17, 20, 30. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Legume, available in September. 
A large shrub, or rarely a small to large tree; evergreen; often occurs on 
limestone soil; seeds contain sophorin and are extremely poisonous; thicket 
forming; propagation is by Seeds sown at once; growth of seedlings very slow. 
Poisonous to livestock as well as human beings. 
Sophora tomentosa L. 
Range: 17, 32. 
Site: Well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Legume. 
A small to large, evergreen shrub; flowers the year round; commonly occurs 
in sandy soils. 
Sorbus spp. Mountain-ashes. 
Propagation of all species is by seeds stratified 90 days at 32°-41° F’. and sown 
in spring. 
Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : Nine species of birds, in- 
cluding ruffed, sooty, and sharp-tailed grouse. Observations (in addition to 
specific records): Hleven species of birds, including ruffed grouse, ring-necked 
pheasant, sharp-tailed grouse; a favorite food of moose. 
Sorbus americana Marsh. American mountain-ash. 
Pyrus americana (Marsh) DC., P. sambucifolia of auths., not Cham. and 
Schlecht. 
Range: 23, 24, 26, 27. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Pome, available August—March. 
A small to large tree; flowers May—June; fruit commonly bearing very few 
seeds; very susceptible to San José scale; 83,000—-100,000 seeds per pound. 
Var. decora (Schneid.) Sarg. (Pyrus sitchensis of Gray’s Man., not Piper, 
S. decora Schneid.), occurs in regions 24 and 27. 
Stomach records: Wight species of birds including ruffed grouse, ptarmigan, 
and sharp-tailed grouse; composed 17.9 percent of winter food of sharp-tailed 
grouse in Ontario and Quebec. Observations: Thirteen species of birds; pre- 
ferred winter food of ruffed grouse in Wisconsin: blue grouse; fruits claimed 
preferred by birds to that of S. aucuparia when the two species are available 
together ; white-tailed deer; of importance as browse for moose; much eaten by 
fisher ; a staple food of marten. 
Sorbus angustifolia, see Sorbus sitchensis. 
Sorbus aucuparia L. European mountain-ash. 
Range: 21, 22, 27. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 
Fruit: Pome, available August-September. 
