278 MISC. PUBLICATION 303, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
white-tailed ptarmigan, Richardson’s grouse; composed 2.4 percent of fall food 
of prairie chicken in Wisconsin; composed 7.6 percent of winter food of 
northern sharp-tailed grouse in Ontario and Quebec; Coeur d’Alene chipmunk, 
red fox, plains white-tailed deer, opossum, white-tailed deer; composed 0.56 
percent of fruit food of eastern skunk in Michigan. Observations (in addition 
to specific records): Thirty-five species of birds including ruffed, and spruce 
grouse, ptarmigan, an important focd of ring-necked pheasant; ranked with 
Gayluissacia as twenty-ninth on the list of quail food plants of the Southeast; 
emergency food of prairie sharp-tailed grouse, Hungarian partridge; southern 
white-tailed deer, ptarmigan; skunk; much browsed by moose; much eaten 
by red fox; rarely eaten by coyote; relished by Olympic wapiti, Rocky Moun- 
tain black-tailed deer, Douglas squirrel, Allen’s chipmunk, Pacific mountain 
beaver, Oregon gray fox, California skunk, Olympic black bear, Virginia opos- 
sum; heavily browsed by Rocky Mountain snowshoe rabbit; lesser Colorado 
chipmunk, Virginia opossum; heavily browsed by white-tailed deer, cottontail 
rabbit; much eaten by raccoon; alpine chipmunk, ring-tailed cat. 
Vaccinium amoenum, see Vaccinium corymbesum. 
Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. Lowbush blueberry. 
V. dobbinii Burn., V. nigrum Britt., V. pennsylwanicum Lam., not Miller, 
Cyanococcus pennsylvanicus (uam.) Rydb., C. angustifolius (Alt.) Rydb. 
Range: 22, 28, 24, 26, 27. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun, shade. 
Fruit: Berry, available July-September. 
A small shrub, flowers April-June; occurs in sandy and other soils; spreads 
by underground stems; commonly the earliest ripening blueberry. 
Stomach records: Six species of birds, including ruffed grouse, bobwhite, and 
greater prairie chicken. Observations: Ruffed grouse, bobwhite. Without 
forage significance for livestock. 
Vaccinium arboreum Marsh. Tree huckleberry. 
Batodendron arboreum (Marsh.) Nutt. 
Range: 17, 20, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun, shade. 
Fruit: Berry, available, September—November. 
A large shrub to small or large tree; evergreen southward; flowers May-— 
August; occurs in sandy and other soils; the only species of the genus and one 
of the two in the heath family supposedly capable of growing in neutral or 
slightly alkaline soil. 
Stomach records: Bobwhite. Observations: Mockingbird. 
Vaccinium atroceccum (Gray) Heller. Black blueberry. 
V. corymbesum atrococcum Gray, Cyanococcus atrococcus (Gray) Small. 
Range: 24, 26, 27, 29. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 
Fruit: Berry, available July-August. 
A small to large, spreading shrub; flowers May—June. 
Vaccinium brachycerum, see Gaylussacia brachycera. 
Vaccinium caesariense Mack. New Jersey blueberry. 
Range: 28. 
Site: Well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Berry. 
A small to large shrub; flowers in May. 
Vaccinium caesium Greene. 
Polycodium caesium Greene, P. floridanum (Nutt.) Greene. 
Range: 29, 30. 
Site: Well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Berry. 
A small, irregularly branched shrub. 
Vaccinium caespitosum Michx. Dwarf bilberry. 
Range: 4, 7, 12, 138, 23,.24, 26, 27. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Berry, available June—September. 
A small shrub: flowers June-July. Without value as forage for livestock. 
