NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 
41 
A large tree; usually occurs only on good soils; root system shallow; long- 
lived ; wood strong, not durable, much used commercially ; not successfully cul- 
tivated in the eastern United States ; will produce maple sugar in nearly exactly 
as good quality and as great quantity as the eastern sugar maple; 2,700 seeds 
per pound, germination 90 percent, about 2,000 usuable plants per pound of seed. 
O'bservations: Western evening grosbeak; listed with the vine maple as third 
in importance as browse for Olympic wapiti ; California mule deer. 
Acer negundo L. Boxelder. 
Negundo negundo (L.) Karst., Rulac negundo Small, Negundo aceroides 
Moench. 
Kange : 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit : Samara, available September-October and persistent until spring. 
A large shrub, or more commonly, a small to large tree ; dioecious ; root sys- 
tem generally shallow, deeper in deep soils; rapid growing; short-lived; easily 
storm-damaged, injured by heart rot, fire, and insects ; wood soft, weak, used 
commercially ; shoots appear on exposed or injured roots ; 10,000-14,000 seeds per 
pound, germination 40-60 percent ; about 2,000 usable plants per pound of seed ; 
easily transplanted when young. 
The justification for separating this species from the genus Acer and placing 
it in a separate genus, Negundo, is very good. The species is placed here merely 
for convenience but further study will very likely show this species to be 
generically different from the maples. 
Var. violaceum Kirchner. (Negundo nuttallU (Nieuwl.) Rydb., Rulac nuttal- 
lii Nieuwl.) occurs in regions 8, 15, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 27. 
Var. texanum Pax. (Rulac teaoana (Pax) Small, Acer texanum Pax, Negundo 
texanum (Pax) Rydb.) occurs in regions 19, 20, 25, and 29. 
Var. interius (Britt.) Sarg. (Acer interior Britt., Rulac interior (Britt.) 
Nieuwl., Negundo interius (Britt.) Rydb., A kingii Britt.) occurs in regions 8, 
9, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 22. 
Var. arizonicum Sarg. occurs in region 11. 
Var. calif ornicum (Torr. and Gray) Sarg. (Negundo calif ornicum Torr. and 
Gray, Acer californicum Dietr., Negundo aceroides californicum Sarg., Rulao 
calif ornicum (Torr. and Gray) Nieuwl.) occurs in regions 3, 4, and 5. 
O'bservations: Four species of birds, including ring-necked pheasant ; fox squir- 
rels ; many additional squirrels and birds ; California mule deer. 
Acer neomexicanum, see Acer glairum. 
Acer nigrum Michx. f. Black maple. 
A. saccharum nigrum (Michx. f.) Small, SaccJiarodendron nigrum (Michx. 
f.) Small, A. harhatum nigrum Sarg. 
Range : 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29. 
Site : Dry, well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 
Fruit: Samara, available in September. 
A large tree, resembling and very closely related to A. saccharum, and inter- 
grading with it; often considered with good reason merely a variety of the 
sugar maple; grows in rich soils; wood of importance commercially; produces 
maple sugar. 
Wildlife records for the sugar maple may apply equally well to this species. 
Acer pennsylvanicum L. Striped maple. 
Range : 21, 23, 24, 26, 27. 
Site: Well-drained, moist, shade. 
Fruit : Samara, available in September. 
A large shrub to small or large tree, usually found in acid soil ; wood some- 
times used commercially. 
O'bservations: Cottontail rabbit; beaver food where Populus is lacking; moose, 
white-tailed deer. 
Acer rubrum L. Bed maple. 
Rufaoer rubrum (L.) Small, A. stenocarpum Britt. and Shafner. 
Range : 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. 
Site : Dry, well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 
Fruit: Samara, available March-April. 
A large dioecious or monoecious tree ; occurs on a variety of soils ; root sys- 
tem shallow on moist sites, deeper on dry sites ; rapid growing, short-lived ; not 
seriously injured by insects but subject to heart rot; severely injured by fire; 
