NATIVE WOODI PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 
47 
A large, thicket-forming shrub to small or large trees; about 10,000 usable 
plants per pound of seed. 
Observations: Captive Columbian sharp-tailed grouse; of slight importance 
for mule deer. A fair sheep browse of high palatability. 
Alnus vulgaris, see Alnus glutinosa. 
Aloysia ligustrina, see Lippia ligustrina. 
Amarolea americana, see Osmanthus americana. 
Amelanchier spp. Serviceberries. 
Between 20-25 species are known, most of them occurring in North America ; 
in slightly acid soil; many are very closely related and often difficult to dis- 
tinguish ; very ornamental ; generally irregular in time of ripening of the 
berries; propagated by seeds sown as soon as ripe or in the spring after 
stratifying 90 days at 32°-50° F., or the stoloniferous types by suckers; seed- 
lings should remain in seedbeds 3 to 4 years before planting in the field. All 
are alternate hosts for the cedar apple fungus. 
Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : 36 species of birds, includ- 
ing ruffed grouse, dusky grouse, turkey; composed 0.16 percent of vegetable 
food of eastern skunk in Michigan; gray-tailed chipmunk, gray-necked chip- 
munk, golden-mantled marmot, black-tailed deer, white-tailed deer; mountain 
sheep. Observations (in addition to specific records) : Eighteen species of 
birds, including mountain quail, dusky grouse, and prairie sharp-tailed grouse; 
skunk; heavily browsed by moose; of first importance for red fox; golden- 
mantled ground squirrel, Arizona chipmunk. Say chipmunk, Wasatch chip- 
munk; favorite food of pale chipmunk; raccoon, black bear, cottontail rabbit, 
pica, beaver ; an important food of white-tailed deer. 
Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt. Western serviceberry. 
A. oreopMla Nels. 
Range : 4, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 21, 23, 24, 26. 
Site : Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Pome, available July-September. 
A large shrub to small tree or rarely a large tree with a deep and spreading 
root system; blooms April-June; very variable, and the complex of forms not 
yet clear botanieally. Among others, var. pallida (Greene) Jeps. (A. pallida 
Greene), var. venulosa (Greene) Jeps. {A. venulosa Greene), var. covillei 
(Greene) Jeps. (A. covillei Standi.) and var. cuyamacensis Munz, have been 
described. 
Stomach records: Six species of birds, including sooty grouse, Richardson's 
grouse; plains white-tailed deer, Bitterroot valley chipmunk, black-tailed deer. 
Observations: Mountain quail, captive Columbian sharp-tailed grouse, blue 
grouse; California mule deer. A forage species of the first rank; younger 
f oilage more palatable ; of great importance to stock on the range. 
Amelanchier amabilis Wieg. 
A. sanguinea grandiflora Rehd. 
Range : 24, 26, 27. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit : Pome, available July-August. 
A small to large shrub, heretofore probably confused with A. sanguinea. 
Probably a calciphile. 
Amelanchier bakeri Greene. 
A. purpusii Koehne. 
Range : 11, 13, 14. 
Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Pome. 
A small to large shrub; flowers in May; about 31,000 seeds per pound. 
Amelanchier bartramiana (Tausch.) Roem. Bartram serviceberry. 
A. oligocarpa (Michx.) Roem. 
Range : 23, 24, 26, 27. 
Site : Well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit : Pome, available July-August. 
A large shrub ; flowers in May. 
Amelanchier botryapinm, see Amelanchier canadensis and A. oblongifolia. 
130186°— 31 
