MISC. PUBLICATION SOS, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
seriously attacked in cultivation by the lilac borer ; propagation is by seed sown 
as soon as ripe or stratified and sown in spring, or by root cuttings. 
Stomach records: Turkey. Observations: Much eaten by birds; white-tailed 
deer. 
Arbutus spp. Madrones. 
Propagation is by seeds sown under glass in fall or spring. 
Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : Mearn's quail. Observa- 
tions (in addition to specific records) : Band-tailed pigeon. 
Arbutus arizonica (Gray) Sarg. Arizona rnadrone. 
A. xalapensis arizonica Gray. 
Range: 11, 14. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Berry, available July-December. 
A large evergreen tree; flowers in May. Not grazed, except rarely by goats. 
Arbutus menziesii Pursh. Madrone. 
Range: 1, 2, 3, 5, 10. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Berry, available July-January. 
A small to generally large and widely-branched tree; flowers March-May; 
commonly shrubby southward; stump sprouts after injury; wood somewhat 
used commercially; bark used for tanning; seeds 25-30 per berry; about 1,000 
usable plants per pound of seed; difficult to transplant; very handsome and 
commonly cultivated. 
Stomach records: Two species of birds. Observations: Five species of birds 
including dove, band-tailed pigeons, and turkey; extensively eaten by deer; of 
slight importance as browse for mule deer; raccoon, ring-tailed cat. Lightly 
grazed by cattle or heavily grazed by goats. A good bee plant. 
Arbutus texana Buckl. Texas madrone. 
A. xalavensis texana Gray. 
Range : 11, 16, 17, 20. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit : Berry, available August-June. 
A large shrub or small tree or rarely a large tree ; evergreen ; often found on 
limestone soil ; wood used commercially to some extent ; berries palatable. 
Occasionally browsed by stock. 
Arbutus uva-ursi, See Arctostaphijlos uva-ursi. 
Arctostaphylos spp. Manzanitas. 
Ordinarily chaparral shrubs; many species hold the leaves vertically; most 
reproduce extensively by root shoots ; propagated by seeds sown in spring after 
stratification for 140 days at 41°-50° F. 
Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : Seventeen species of birds, 
including dusky grouse, California quail, sharp-tailed grouse ; gray fox, raccoon, 
striped skunk, coyote, Inyo chipmunk, western skunk. Observations (in addi- 
tion to specific records) : Seven species of birds including dusky grouse, band- 
tailed pigeon, Merriam's turkey ; mountain sheep. New Mexico black bear, 
Allen's chipmunk, golden-mantled ground squirrel, Oregon gray fox, ring-tailed 
cat, California gray squirrel. Usually of small value as forage except for goats. 
Arctostaphylos andersonii Gray. Keartleaf manzanita. 
A. pechoensis Dudl., Uva-ursi pechoensis (Dudl.) Abrams, U. andersonii 
(Gray) Abrams. 
Range: 1, 5. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Berry, available January-September. 
A large evergreen shrub ; does not crown sprout after fire. 
Arctostaphylos bicolor (Nutt.) Gray. 
A. veatchii Kell., Xylococcus bicolor Nutt. 
Range: 5. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Berry. 
A small, densely-branched evergreen shrub. 
