NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 
61 
A high-climbing vine ; flowers May- June ; in Alabama has shown a tendency 
to spread. 
Aronia spp. Chokeberries. 
Shrubs; commonly occur in acid soil; propagation by seed stratified 90 days 
at 22°-41° F. before sowing. 
Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : 12 species of birds, 
including ruffed grouse, bobwhite, sharp-tailed grouse, ring-necked pheasant, 
prairie chicken ; composed 1.0 percent of food of prairie chicken in Wisconsin. 
Observations (in addition to specific records) : Eight species of birds including 
ruffed grouse, bobwhite, sharp-tailed grouse; an important pheasant food, 
especially in late winter, in southern Michigan ; cottontail rabbit. 
Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Ell. Bed cliokeberry. 
Pyrus arduti folia L. f. 
Range : 22, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 
Fruit: Berry; available August-October, persistent, especially south- 
ward. 
A small to rarely large shrub; flowers March-May; somewhat subject to 
blight and borer attack; will withstand city smoke; leaves fall very late; 
propagation by seeds stratified 90 days at 32°-41° F. ; about 10,000 usable 
plants per pound of seed ; probably introduced into region 23. 
Var. atropurpurea (Britt.) Robins., {A. atropurpurea Britt., A. florihunda 
Spach), the purple chokeberry, is often separated as a distinct species. Inter- 
grading forms are common, field identification difficult, seeds in birds' stomachs 
are indistinguishable, and there appears to be no ecological differentiation 
between this and the species. OTyservations : Ruffed grouse, ring-necked 
pheasant. 
Stomach records: 13 species of birds, including ruffed grouse. OTyservations: 
Cedar waxwing; captive marsh rabbit. 
Aronia atropurpurea, see Aronia arhutifoHa. 
Aronia floribunda, see Aronia ar'butifoUa. 
Aronia rnelanocarpa (Michx.) Ell. Black chokeberry. 
Pyrus arhutifolia rnelanocarpa Michx., P. rnelanocarpa Willd., P. nigra 
Sarg., A. nigra Sarg. 
Range : 22, 23, 24, 2.5, 26, 27, 28, 29. 
Site : Dry, well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 
Fruit: Berry, available August-September, often persistent until 
June-July. 
A small or rarely large shrub; flowers March-June; somewhat subject to 
blight and borer attack ; has been observed to grow on cinder dumps where 
fruit crops are often heavy. 
Stomach records: Ruffed grouse, sharp-tailed grouse, prairie chicken; com- 
posed 5.3 percent of fall food of sharp-tailed grouse in Wisconsin. Observa- 
tions: Eaten to some extent by cottontail rabbit; white-tailed deer. 
Aronia nigra, see Aronia melanocarpa. 
Arsenococcus frondosns, see Xolisma ligustrina. 
Arsenococcus ligustrinus, see Xolisma ligustrina. 
Artemisia spp. Sagebrushes. 
Most species harbor the burdock borer and common stalk borer. 
Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : Five species of birds, 
including ruffed grouse and Gambel quail (these records apply to both her- 
baceous and shrubby species) ; mountain sheep, antelope jack rabbit, gray-sided 
jack rabbit, black-tailed deer. Observation's (in addition to specific records) : 
Hepburn's rosy finch ; used extensively by sage grouse for cover, roosting cover 
and food, about 69 percent of their food consisting of composites, most of 
which are species of sagebrush, which are eaten particularly in winter and 
during times of scarcity of other foods; western white-tailed jack rabbit, 
Oregon jack rabbit; pygmy rabbit, especially in winter when the diet may 
be exclusively sagebrush; much eaten and furnishes cover and shelter to sage 
chipmunk; pronghorn antelope. Of great importance as forage for livestock. 
Artemisia abrotanoides, see Artemisia californica. 
