go MISC. PUBLICATION 303, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
Canotia holacantha Torr. Mohave thorn 
Range: 10, 11. 
Site : Dry, sun. 
Fruit: Capsule. 
A large shrub, or sometimes a small or large tree with rushlike branches; 
somewhat spinose; often occurs in pure stands of an acre or more; grows on 
gravelly or sandy soil. Worthless as forage for stock. 
Capsicum baccatum L. Chillipiquin. 
Range: 17, 20, 30. 
Site: Well-drained, shade, 
Fi'uit : Berry, available in September, long persistent. 
A small to large shrub. 
Carlowrightia arizonica Gray. 
Range: 10. 
Site: Dry, sun. 
Fruit: Pod. 
A small, wide-spreading shrub ; cropped to some extent by sheep and cattle. 
Carlowrightia linearifolia (Torr.) Gray. 
Range: 11. 
Site: Dry, sun. 
Fruit: Pod. 
A small shrub with small leaves ; worthless as forage. 
Carpenteria californica Torr, 
Range: 4, 
Site : Well-drained, sun. 
Fruit : Capsule. 
A small to large, many-stemmed, spreading evergreen shrub ; flowers May- 
July ; commonly cultivated. 
Foliage very bitter, seldom grazed even by sheep. 
Carphephonis junceus, see Behhia juncea. 
Carpinus caroliniana Walt. Blue beech. 
Range : 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. 
Site : Dry, well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 
Fruit : Nutlet ; available August-October, often persistent. 
A small to large bushy tree ; slow growing ; rarely attacked by insects ; wood 
very hard and durable, somewhat used commercially ; propagated by seeds 
sown as soon as ripe ; germination very irregular ; about 300 usable plants per 
pound of seed. 
Stomach records: Nine species of birds, including ruffed grouse, bobwhite* 
turkey, and sharp-tailed grouse ; composed 4.08 percent of winter food of ruffed 
grouse in New York. Observations: Ring-necked pheasant, ruffed grouse, bob- 
white ; cottontail rabbit, white-tailed deer, gray squirrel. 
Carya spp. Hickories. 
Large trees; usually grow on neutral soil; propagation is by seed stratified 
and sown in spring ; because of their long taproots they are ordinarily hard to 
transplant ; will not stand much trampling by stock. 
Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : Eleven species of birds, 
including wood duck, mallard, ruffed grouse, bobwhite, turkey, ring-necked 
pheasant; gray fox, white-tailed deer. Observations (in addition to specific 
records) : Four species of birds, including bobwhite; white-tailed deer, cotton- 
tail rabbit, and many squirrels ; gray fox, red squirrel, southwestern chipmunk, 
gray squirrel, flying squirrel. 
Carya alba, see also Carya ovata. 
Carya alba (L,) Koch, Mockernut hickory. 
Hicoria alba (L.) Britt., C. tomentosa (Lam,) Nutt. 
Range : 20, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30. 
Site: Well-drained, sun, shade. 
Fruit: Nut; available September-November. 
A large tree ; taproot much developed ; rapid growing when young, rather 
long-lived ; generally occurs on richer soils ; wind-firm ; easily fire-damaged ; 
much attacked by insects ; stump and root sprouts produced freely ; may occur 
on sandstone, chert, or igneous areas ; wood of importance commercially ; seed 
produced abundantly about every other year ; 110 seeds per pound, germination 
about 85 percent ; about 35 usable plants per pound of seed. 
Observations; White-tailed deer. 
