NATIVE WOODY PLAINTS OF THE UNITED STATES 
91 
Ceanothus subsericeus Rydb. 
Range: 13. 
Site: Dry, sun. 
Fruit: Capsule. 
A small shrub ; flowers in July. 
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus Esch. Blueblossom. 
Range: 1. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun, shade. 
Fruit: Capsule, available July-December. 
A large shrub to small tree ; evergreen ; flowers April-June ; nitrogen nodules 
very abundant ; forms dense thickets after fires ; a pioneer in cut-over areas, 
often to the exclusion of other species; not successful in heavy soils; root 
system shallow; 83-percent germination of seed obtained by treating in hot 
water to 158° F., cooling, and stratifying 3 months at 36° ; about 182,000 seeds 
per pound. 
Observations: An important food of Roosevelt elk. 
Ceanothus tomentosns Parry. lone bush. 
Range: 4. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Capsule. 
A large, loosely-branched shrub; flowers in May; occurs up to 3,000 feet; 
stump sprouts after cutting. 
Var. oUvaceus Jeps. (C. cyaneus Eastw.), Ramona bush, occurs in region 5. 
Observations : Of slight importance as browse for mule deer. 
Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. Snowbrush. 
Range : 2, 4, 6, 7, 12, 13, 15. 
Site: Dry, sun. 
Fruit: Capsule. 
A small to large evergreen shrub ; flowers May-July ; spreading and many 
stemmed from the base; possesses a single large taproot which may make 
transplanting difficult; root system spreading, deep; a pioneer, forming vast 
thickets in logged or burned-over areas; 68 i)ercent germination of seed is 
obtained by treatment in hot water at 176° F., and stratification for 3 months 
at 36°, or 63 percent when boiled 5 minutes and stratified 3 months.' 
Stomach records: Plains white-tailed deer. 
Observations: A fair browse for mule deer; pica. Usually grazed only 
slightly by stock ; much grazing indicates poor range ; attempts to eradicate 
the species by overgrazing by goats have failed. 
Ceanothus verrucosus Nutt. Barranca bush. 
Range: 5. 
Site : Dry, sun. 
Fruit: Capsule. 
A small to large, wide-spreading shrub ; flowers January-April ; occurs in 
sandy soils, not successful in heavy soils; 20-percent germination of seed 
obtained when sown directly. 
Ceanothus vestitus, see Ceanothus greggii. 
Cebatha Carolina, see Cocculus caroUnus. 
Cebatha diversifolia, see Cocculus diversifolius. 
Celastrus scandens L. Climbing bittersweet. 
Range : 11, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun, shade. 
Fruit: Pod, seeds with pulpy arils, available September-December, 
rarely later. 
A twining, high-climbing, or thicket-forming vine; essentially dioecious but 
pistillate plants have enough staminate flowers to ensure fertilization ; injures 
trees by constriction ; very common along fence rows ; occurs in loam, sand, 
clay, and other soils; propagation is by seeds sown in fall or stratified and 
sown in spring, or by layers and root cutting ; 12,000 seeds per pound, germi- 
nation 80 percent, about 3,000 usable plants per pound of seed. 
Stomach records: Eight species of birds, including ruffed grouse and bob- 
white. 
Observations: Seven species of birds, including ring-necked pheasant; cotton- 
tail rabbit, fox squirrel, songbirds. Not browsed by livestock ; poisonous to 
horses but apparently not attractive to them. 
