92 MISC. PUBLICATION 303, U. S. DEPT. OF AGKICULTURE 
Celosia palmeri Wats. 
Range: 17. 
Site: Well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Achenelike. 
A small shrub. 
Celtis spp. Hackberries. 
Propagation of all species is by seeds sown as soon as ripe. 
Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : Twenty-four species of 
birds, including mallard. 
O'bservations (in addition to specific records) : Twenty species of birds; cliff 
squirrel, rock squirrel, snowshoe hare. Except for C. douglasii, western hack- 
berries are without range significance for livestock. 
Celtis aculeata, see Celtis iguanaea. 
Celtis anfractuosa, see Celtis iguanaea. 
Celtis canina, see Celtis occidentalis. 
Celtis crassifoiia, see Celtis occidentalis. 
Celtis douglasii Planch, (pi. 6, A.). 
C. rugosa Rydb. 
Range : 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13. 
Site : Dry, well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 
Fruit : Drupe, available July-January. 
A small or large shrub to small tree; larger form found only on very good 
soil or in cultivation. 
Stomach records: Two species of birds. An important secondary browse for 
cattle and sheep, especially in early spring and winter; galls on the leaves, a 
general condition in Utah, reduces palatability to livestock. 
Celtis georgiana Small. Georgia hackberry. 
C. pumila georgiana (Small) Sarg. 
Range: 25, 28, 29, 30. 
Site : Well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Drupe. 
A small shrub to small tree. 
Celtis helleri, see Celtis lindheimeri. 
Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sarg. 
C. platycaulis Greenm., 6'. anfractuosa Liebm., C. aculeata Sw., Momisia 
aculeata Kl. 
Range: 17, 32. 
Site: Well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Drupe. 
A large shrub to small tree with spiny branches ; somewhat climbing ; com- 
monly occurs on sandy soil. 
Celtis laevigata, see Celtis mississippiensis. 
Celtis lindheimeri Koch. Paloblanco. 
C helleri Small. 
Range: 17,20. 
Site: Well-drained, sun. 
Fruit : Drupe ; available in September, persistent until spring. 
A small to large tree. 
Celtis mississippiensis Bosc. Southern hackberry. 
C. laevigata Willd., C. smallil Beadle. 
Range : 11, 16, 17, 20, 22, 25, 29, 30. 
Site : Dry, well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 
Fruit : Drupe ; available September-October, more or less persistent. 
A large shrub to small or large tree ; wood used to some extent commercially ; 
2,500-4,000 seeds per pound. 
Var. avomala Sarg. is a shrub occurring in region 20, commonly in sand. 
Stomach records: Ten species of birds. Ooservations : Wild turkey; eaten as 
a last resort by marsh rabbits. 
