NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 
119 
Brejera wrightii, see Ainsacanthus wrightii. 
Duranta pliimieri, see Duranta repens. 
Duranta repens L. 
D. plumieri Jacq. 
Range : 11, 17, 32. 
Site : Well-drained, sun. 
Fruit : Drupe. 
A large shrub to small tree; spiny or unarmed; occurs in sandy and other 
soils 
Earleocassia covesii, see Cassia covesii. 
Ebenopsis flexicaulis, see PithecoloMum flexicaule. 
Echinopanax horridum, see Oplopanax horridum. 
Echites macrosiphon, see Macrosiphonia macrosiphon. 
Edwinia americana, see Jamesia americana. 
Edwinia calif ornica, see Jamesia americaiva. 
Ehretia anacua (Berl.) Johnst. Anaqua. 
E. elUptica DC. 
Range : 11, 17, 20, 30. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit : Drupe, available June-April. 
Often a large shrub, occasionally a small or large tree; almost evergreen; 
flowers March-April; suckers freely from the roots and thus forms clumps; 
vigorous and difiicult to eradicate when established ; not subject to disease ; 
grows well under semidesert conditions ; usually shrubby on drier soils ; suckers 
easily transplanted. 
Observations: Attractive to birds. 
Ehretia elliptica, see Ehretia anacua. 
Elaeagnus spp. 
Propagation of these species is by seed stratified and sown in spring or sown 
directly in the fall ; most occur on neutral soil. 
Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : Sharp-tailed grouse. Ob- 
servations (in addition to specific records) : Pinnated and sharp-tailed grouse, 
songbirds. 
Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (pi. 12, A, B). Russian-olive. 
Range : 7, 9, 15, 18, 21, 22. 
Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Drupe; available August-October, often persistent until March. 
A large shrub to small tree ; introduced from Europe and western Asia and 
locally established in the regions indicated; tolerates considerable alkalinity or 
salinity; very resistant to drought; rarely attacked by insect pests; 1,000-1,000 
seeds per pound; germination about 90 percent, about 500 usable plants per 
pound of seed. 
Stomach records: Ring-necked pheasant. Observations: Eight species of 
birds, including sharp-tailed grouse, eaten by numerous birds in Europe ; fox 
squirrel. 
Elaeagnus argentea Pursh. (pi. 13, A, B). Silverberry. 
E. commutata Bernh. 
Range : 9, 15, 18, 21, 23, 24, 26. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 
Fruit : Drupe ; available July-October. 
A small to large, bushy shrub or small tree ; flowers May-July ; stoloniferous 
and thicket forming; will grow on limestone soil; 2,000 seeds per pound; 
germination about 90 percent, about 500 usable plants per pound of seed. 
Observations: Ring-necked pheasant, prairie chicken; snowshoe hai-^. Fruit 
but not foliage taken by livestock. 
Elaeagnus canadensis, see Shepherdia canadensis. 
Elaeagnus commutata, see Elaeagnus argentea. 
Elaeagnus rotundifolia, see Shepherdia rotundifolia. 
