NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 
135 
Gaultheria shallon Pursh. (pi. 15, A. B). Salal. 
Range: 1, 2, 4, 12. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun, shade. 
Fruit: Berry, available July-December. 
A small to large evergreen shrub ; flowers May-June ; when occurring in dry, 
sunny situations the species becomes much dwarfed; apparently needs a very 
humid atmosphere for best growth; forms a dense cover, more especially on 
sandy soil ; most robust near the sea ; propagation is by seed sown under glass 
in winter or spring. 
Stomach records: Wren tit. Ohservations: Blue grouse, band-tailed pigeon, 
sooty grouse ; Columbian black-tailed deer, Townsend's chipmunk, brown mountain 
beaver, Olympic black bear ; emergency ration for Olympic wapiti, an important 
food of Roosevelt elk. Not palatable to livestock. 
Gaylussacia spp. 
Propagation of all species is by seed sown under glass in winter or spring. 
Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : Fifty-one species of birds, 
including ruffed grouse, bobwhite, wild turkey, sharp-tailed grouse, ring-necked 
pheasant; opossum. Observations: White-winged crossbill; ranked with Vac- 
cinium as twenty-ninth on the list of quail food plants in the Southeast; bear. 
Gaylussacia baccata (Wang.) Koch. Black huckleberry. 
G. resinosa (Ait.) Torr, and Gray, Andromeda taccata Wang., Decachaena 
'baccata (Wang.) Small. 
Range : 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Berry; available July-September. 
A small, much-branched, rigid shrub ; flowers May-June ; occurs in sandy and 
other, usually acid soils; many fruit-color varieties occur within the range of 
the species. 
Stomach records: Six species of birds, including ruffed grouse, sharp-tailed 
grouse, greater prairie chicken; composed 1.9 percent of entire amount of fall 
food taken by sharp-tailed grouse in Wisconsin ; taken by 3 out of 17 fall-col- 
lected prairie chickens in Wisconsin; white-tailed deer. Observations: Ruffed 
grouse, bobwhite, wild turkey, mourning dove. 
Gaylussacia brachycera (Michx.) Gray. Box huckleberry. 
Vaccinium brachycerum Michx., Buxella brachycera (Michx.) Small. 
Range: 27, 28. 
Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit : Berry ; available July-August. 
A small evergreen shrub ; flowers May-June ; forms extremely dense colonies, 
each representing a single plant ; usually occurs in acid soils, including very 
poor ones; seed often produces sterile fruit; best developed in southeastern 
West Virginia. 
Observations: Ruffed grouse. 
Gaylussacia dumosa (Andr.) Torr. and Gray. Dwarf huckleberry. 
Vaccinium dumosum Andr., Lasiococcus dumosus (Andr.) Small. 
Range : 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Berry; available June-October. 
A small shrub; evergreen southward; flowers May-June; occurs in sandy 
and other soils, often swamps; stems are produced from a creeping rootstock. 
Var. hirtella (Ait.f.) Gray, (O. hirtella (Ait.) Klotz., Lasiococcus mosieri 
Small), occurs within the range of the species. 
Gaylussacia frondosa (L.) Torr. and Gray. Dangleberry. 
Vaccinium frondosum L., Decachaena frondosa (L.) Torr. and Gray. 
Range: 25, 27, 28, 29. 
Site: Dry, well-drained sun. 
Fruit : Berry ; available June-September. 
A small to large, widely-branched, shrub ; flowers May-June. A dwarf form 
has been described as var. tomentosa Gray. 
Stomach records: Two species of birds. Observations: Ruffed grouse, bob- 
white, cedar waxwing. 
Gaylussacia hirtella, see Gaylussacia dumosa. 
