NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 
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observations: Much visited by iinmmingbirds. Considered a fair to fairly good 
livestock browse. 
Ilex spp. 
Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : Thirty- two species of birds 
including ruffed grouse, bobwhite and wild turkey ; white-tailed deer. 
Observations: Nine species of birds. 
Ilex ambigua, see Ilex montana. 
Ilex beadlei, see Ilex montana. 
Ilex bronxensis, see Ilex verticillata. 
Ilex caroliniana, see Ilex monta/fia. 
Ilex cassine L. Baboon holly. 
I. dahoon Walt., /. myrtifolia Walt. 
Range : 29, 30l 
Site : Well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 
Fruit: Berry, available September-March. 
A large shrub to small tree or rarely a large tree ; evergreen ; flowers in May ; 
occurs on sandy and often acid soils. 
Stomach records: Six species of birds; raccoon. Observations: Fish crow, red- 
eyed vireo. 
Ilex coriacea (Pursh) Chapm. Tall inkberry. 
/. lucida Torr. and Gray, Prinos coriacea Pursh. 
Range : 28, 29, 30'. 
Site : Well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit : Berry, available September-October. 
A small to large shrub, or rarely a small to large tree; evergreen; flowers 
April-May. 
Ilex dahoon, see Ilex cassine. 
Ilex decidua Walt. Deciduous Iiolly. 
Range : 16, 17, 20, 25, 28, 29, 30. 
Site : Dry, well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 
Fruit: Berry, available September-March. 
A large shrub to small or large tree ; flowers April-May. 
Stomach records: Nine species of birds, including bobwhite. 
Ilex dnbia, see Ilex montana. 
Ilex glabra (L.) Gray. Gallberry. 
Range : 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 
Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 
Fruit: Berry, available July-June. 
A small evergreen shrub ; occurs on sandy and other soils ; free from insects 
and diseases ; will sprout after fire. 
Stomach records: Fifteen species of birds, including bobwhite and wild turkey. 
Observations: Mockingbird, hermit thrush; capitive marsh rabbit An impor- 
tant honey plant. 
Ilex laevigata (Pursh) Gray. Smooth winterberry. 
Range : 26, 27, 28, 29. 
Site: Moist, sun. 
Fruit, Berry, available September-January. 
A small to large shrub or rarely a large tree ; flowers May- June ; often occurs 
on acid soil. 
Ilex longipes Chapm. (pi. 16, A). Largeleaf holly. 
Range : 20, 27, 28, 29, 30'. 
Site: Dry, sun. 
Fruit: Berry, available September-October. 
A small to large shrub or small tree ; branches widespreading, but not dense. 
Ilex lucida, see Ilex coriacea. 
Ilex montana Torr. and Gray. Mountain holly. 
/. monticola, /. caroliniana (Walt.) Trel., not mill. Gray, /. amhigua 
(Michx.) Chapm., J. beadlei Ashe, /. dubia B. S. P. 
Range: 25, 27, 28, 29. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Berry, available October-November. 
130186°~39 10 
