148 MISC. PUBLICATION 303, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
Juniperus horizontalis Moench. (pi, 17, A). 
Range : 12, 15, 18, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit : Berry, available all year round, 
A small evergreen shrub ; occurs on sandy and other soils ; forms dense mats, 
Stomach records: Sharp-tailed grouse; this and J. commiinis composed 1,6 i)er- 
cent of winter food of northern sharp-tailed grouse in Quebec and Ontario. 
01)servati07is: Sparingly browsed by moose, northern white-tailed deer. 
Juniperus knightii, see Juniperus utahensis. 
Juniperus lueayana Britt. Southern red cedar. 
J. harhadoisis L„ Sahina- hardadensis (L.) Small. 
Range: 29, 30. 
Site: Moist, sun, shade. 
Fruit : Berry, available all year round. 
A small to large, usually dioecious, evergreen tree ; root system shallow ; slow 
growing, long-lived ; wood very durable, much used commercially ; in cultivation. 
Juniperus megalocarpa Sudw. Big-berry juniper. 
J. utahensis megalocarpa Sudw. 
Range: 9, 11, 14, 
Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit : Berry, ripe September-October of the second season. 
A large, dioecious, evergreen tree ; occurs in sandy, loam, gravel, and other 
soils ; slow growing, long-lived, 
Juniperus mexicana Spreng. Mountain cedar. 
J, saMnoides (H. B, K.) Nees, Sadina sahinoides Small. 
Range : 11, 16, 17, 20. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit : Berry, available September of the first season, 
A small to large evergreen tree ; occurs on sandy and other poor soils, often 
limestone ; wood very durable, much used locally. 
J. ashei Buch., occurring along the White River in the Ozarks, in northwestern 
Arkansas, and southwestern Missouri, as well as in the Arbuckle Mountains of 
Oklahoma, has been said to be the same species as J. mexicana. There still seems 
to be considerable doubt whether the two are synonymous. The large break in 
the distribution of the two forms and the fact that J. ashei has been little studied 
make it impossible to state with definiteness whether the two forms are distinct 
or not. 
Both forms are claimed to be resistant to the cedar apple rust ; both fork near 
the base, thus possessing several boles. The fruits of J. ashei are much fleshier 
and twice as large as virginiana. J. ashei was in the fall of 1936 found to be 
much eaten by many songbirds, more notably robins. These birds succeeded in 
stripping almost the entire crop of seeds produced by these species throughout 
the Ozarks. 
Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. (pi, 17, B, C). Cherrystone juniper. 
J. meooicana monosperma Cory, J. occidentalis monosperma Engelm., SaMna 
monosperma (Engelm.) Rydb. 
Range : 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16, 25. 
Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Berry; available in September; persistent all year. 
A large shrub to small tree ; evergreen ; dioecious, rapid growing for a juniper, 
long-lived; wood of value and much used locally for posts and fuel; usually 
several trunked. 
Stomach records: Four species of birds. Observations: Four species of song- 
birds, Gambel quail ; coyote, fox, raccoon, rock squirrel ; extensively eaten by 
Hopi chipmunk ; deer. Browsed to some extent by goats. 
Juniperus occidentalis Hook, (pi, 18, A). Western juniper. 
SaMna occidentalis (Hook) Ant. 
Range : 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12. 
Site : Dry well-drained, sun. 
Fruit : Berry ; available September of the second season ; persistent all 
year round, 
A small to large, dioecious, evergreen tree ; slow growing and very long-lived ; 
apparently unable to exist in close formation ; grows on extremely sterile granite 
or gravels ; regenerative powers remarkable. 
