NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 
149 
Ohsei'vations : Pinyon jay, Townsend solitaire; of slight importance as browse 
for mule deer. 
Juniperus pachyphloea Torr. Alligator juniper. 
J. mexicana pachyphloea Torr., Sahina pachyphloea (Torr.) Lewis. 
Range: 11, 14, 17. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Berry, available September-December. 
A small to large, dioecious, evergreen tree; seasoned wood durable, used 
locally; slow growing, long-lived; fruit matures slowly and remains in good 
condition either on or off the tree for a considerable period. 
Observations: Wild turkey; New Mexico black bear, Couch rock squirrel; 
extensively eaten by gray fox; deer; considered of first importance as food 
for big game in New Mexico. Eaten by all classes of livestock. 
Juniperus pinchotii Sudw. Eed-berry juniper. 
SaMna pinchotii (Sudw.) Lewis. 
Range: 11, 16, 20. 
Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit : Berry, available all year round. 
A large shrub to small or large tree; evergreen; coppices freely when cut; 
wood durable but soft; very local. 
Juniperus sabinoides, see Juniperus mexicana. 
Juniperus scopulorurn Sarg. (pi. 18, B). E,ocky Mountain red cedar. 
SaMna scopulorum (Sarg.) Lewis. 
Range : 2, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. 
Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit : Berry ; ripening the second season, available all year round. 
A large shrub to small or large tree; evergreen; dioecious, slow growing, 
long-lived; 20,000-30,000 seeds per pound. 
Stomach records: Townsend's solitaire; bighorn. 
Juniperus sibirica, see Juniperus communis. 
Juniperus utahensis (Engelm.) Lemmon. Utah, juniper. 
J. californica utahensis Engelm., J. knightii Nels., SaMna utahensis 
(Engelm.) Rydb. 
Range: 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14. 
Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit : Berry ; available in September, persistent all year. 
A small to large, evergreen tree ; 6,000-7,000 seeds per pound. 
Stomach records: Avocet; Utah clifC chipmunk, black-tailed deer. Observa- 
tions: Deer. Eaten to some extent by goats. 
Juniperus virg-iniana L. Eastern red cedar. 
SaMna virginiana (L.) Antoine. 
Range : 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29. 
Site : Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit : Berry ; available September-November, persistent all year round. 
A large evergreen tree ; at first deep rooted, but root system becomes more 
shallow with age ; thrives in many kinds of soil, including limestone, dolomitic, 
and rarely granitic and siliceous soils ; slow growing and long-lived ; easily 
killed by fire ; attacked by fungi ; wood very durable, much used commercially ; 
18,000-30,000 seeds per pound, germination ordinarily 35-70 percent ; from 
berries frozen in ice 21 days, seeds germinate in 35 days to 56 percent ; resists 
grazing well; very drought resistant; notable secondary host to cedar apple 
rust; some 30 varieties distinguished in cultivation. 
Stomach records: Twenty-nine species of birds including bobwhite; oppossum. 
Observations: Fifty-two species of birds including bobwhite, prairie sharp- 
tailed grouse, ring-necked pheasant, and mourning dove ; cottontail rabbit, moose. 
Kalmia sp. 
Observations (in addition to specific records) : Ruffed grouse. 
Kalmia angustifolia L. Narrow-leaved laurel. 
Range : 24, 26, 27, 28, 29. 
Site. Well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 
Fruit: Capsule. 
A small evergreen shrub ; usually occurs on acid soil ; flowers June-July. 
Stomach records: Ruffed grouse. Poisonous to sheep and cattle. 
