NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 
159 
Observations: Wren-tit; of slight importance as browse for mule deer. Not 
browsed by stock; reported by stockmen as poisonous. Of some importance 
as a boney plant. 
Lonicera involucrata (Richards) Banks. Twinberry honeysuckle. 
Xylosteon involucrata Richards, Distegia involucrata (Richards.) Raf., 
if. ledebouri Esch. 
Range : 4, 5, 7, 12, 13, 14, 23, 24, 26. 
Site: Well-drained, moist, shade. 
Fruit: Berry, available August-September. 
A large bushy shrub ; flowers June-July ; suckers very freely and may form 
patches of considerable size; root system fibrous, shallow, rootstocks also shal- 
low; 226,000 seeds per pound. 
Stomach records: Four species of birds. Observations: Blue grouse, flowers 
much used by blue-throated and Rivoli hummingbirds. Only locally browsed by 
livestock. 
Lonicera japonica Thunb. Japanese honeysuckle. 
Nintooa japonica Sweet. 
Range : 5, 20, 22, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 
Fruit: Berry, available September-March. 
A half -evergreen vine; flowers June-August; introduced from eastern Asia 
and well established in regions indicated; extremely aggressive in competition 
with native plants; known to have killed trees up 6 inches in diameter; not 
necessarily confined to richer, moister woodlands, where it does best ; often con- 
sidered a troublesome weed, especially in the South ; gradually becoming more 
widespread; many cultivated varieties known, of which var. halliana is most 
widely naturalized. 
Stomach records: Five species of birds, tncluding bobwhite. 
Lonicera ledebouri, see Lonicera involucrata. 
Lonicera oblongifolia (Goldie) Hook. Swamp fly-honeysuckle. 
L. altissima Jennings, Xylosteon oblongifolia Goldie. 
Range : 23, 24, 26, 27. 
Site: Moist, sun. 
Fruit: Berry, available May-August. 
A small to large, somewhat straggling shrub ; flowers May-June. 
Lonicera prolifera (Booth) Rehd. Grape honeysuckle. 
L. sulUvantU Gray, CaprifoUum proliferum Booth. 
Range : 22, 23, 24, 25. 
Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit : Berry, available July-October. 
A vine ; flowers May- June ; very similar to L. dioica; attacked by green aphis. 
Lonicera sempervirens L. Trumpet honeysuckle. 
Phenianthus sempervirens (L.) Raf. 
Range : 11, 20, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Berry, available September-October. 
A high-climbing vine ; evergreen ; flowers April-September ; leaves deciduous 
northward ; in cultivation. 
Observations: Purple finch. 
Lonicera subspicata Hook, and Arn. Moronel. 
Range: 5. 
Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Berry. 
A climbing or trailing vine or small to large shrub ; evergreen. 
Observations: California mule deer. 
Lonicera sullivantii, see Lonicera proUfera. 
Lonicera utahensis Wats. Utah honeysuckle. 
L. ebractulata Rydb. Xylosteon utahense (Wats.) Howell. 
Range : 4, 12, 13, 14. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, shade. 
Fruit : Berry, available June-August. 
A small to large shrub ; forms clumps. Locally of some value as browse for 
livestock. 
130186°— 39 11 
