NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 
163 
Lymnobtrya lacustris, see Riles lacustre. 
Lymnobotrya montigena, see Rides montigena. 
Lymnobotrya parvula, see Rihes lacustre. 
lyonia ferruginea, see Xolisma fruticosa. 
Lyonia frondosa, see Xolisma ligustrvna. 
Lyonia ligustrina, see Xolisma ligustrina. 
lyonia mariana, see Xolisma mariana. 
lyonida nitida, see Xolisma lucida. 
Lyonia rigida, see Xolisma ferruginea. 
Lyonothamnus asplenifolius, see Lyonothamnus florihundus. 
lyonothamnus floribundus Gray. (pi. 20, C). Gatalina ironwood. 
L, asplenifolius Greene. 
Range: 5. 
Site: Dry well-drained, sun. 
Fruit : Capsule, available August-September. 
A small to large evergreen tree ; flowers June-July ; rapid growing, especially 
when well supplied with water ; bushy ; drought resistant ; very ornamental and 
commonly cultivated. 
Madura aurantiacum, see Madura pomifera. 
Madura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid. Osage-orange. 
M, aurantiacum Nutt., Toxylon pomiferum Raf., loxylon pomiferum Raf. 
Range : 20, 22, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Syncarp, available in October. 
A large, dioecious, much-branched, thorny tree; wood very strong and dur- 
able ; much cultivated as a hedge plant and extensively planted throughout the 
country for that purpose ; a host for the San Jose scale ; not hardy in northern 
Iowa, Minnesota, and the Dakotas; a thorny variety is known in cultivation; 
propagation is by seed sown in spring after soaking 48 hours; about 12,000 
seeds per pound. 
Stomach records: Black-tailed deer. Observations: Crossbill; fox squirrel; 
particularly valuable cover plant for small forms of wildlife. 
Macrosiphonia berlandieri, see Macrosiphonia macrosiphon, 
Maerosiphonia macrosiphon (Torr.) Heller. 
M. herlandieri Gray, Echites macrosiphon Torr. 
Range: 11, 17. 
Site: Dry, sun. 
Fruit: Pod. 
A small shrub. 
Magnolia spp. Magnolias. 
Most species are generally free from insects and diseases ; most grow in acid 
soil; propagation is by seed stratified and sown in spring or sown at once; 
usually diflScult to transplant. 
Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : Five species of birds, 
including bobwhite. 
Magnolia acuminata L. Cucumber magnolia. 
Tulipastrum acuminatum (L.) Small. 
Range : 22, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30. 
Site: Well-drained, moist, sun, shade. 
Fruit: Drupe, available August-October. 
A large tree; flowers May-June; occurs on fertile, not heavy soils, nor dry 
sand or shale; root system deep, wide spreading, taproot rarely developed; 
rapid growing, rather short-lived; severely injured by fire and cucumber scale; 
coppices freely; wood soft, weak, durable, used to some extent commercially; 
often used as grafting stock for named varieties ; propagation is by seed strati- 
fied at 32° F., 15 to 20 weeks, and sown in spring; about 3,000 seeds per pound ; 
easy to transplant. 
