MISC. PUBLICATION 303, U. S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE 
Physoearpus monogynus (Torr.) Coult. 
P. torreyi Maxim., Opulaster monogynus (Torr.) Kuntze. 
Range : 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. 
Site : Well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Follicle. 
A smaU shrub ; flowers May-July. 
Physoearpus opnlifolius (L.) Maxim, Ninebark, 
P. australis (Rydb.) Rebd., P. micMganensis Daniels, Spiraea opulifolia L., 
Opulaster opuIifoUus (L.) Kuntze, 0. pauciflorus (Torr. and Gray) 
Heller, NeilUa opulifolia Brew, and Wats. 
Range : 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. 
Site: Well-drained, moist, sun, sbade. 
Fruit ; Follicle, available September-October. 
A large sbrub ; flowers June- July ; 1,600,000 seeds per poimd. 
Var. intermedius (Rydb.) Robins., (P. intermedius Schneid.. 0. intermedius 
Rydb., P. missouriensis Daniels) occurs also in regions 15, 16, 18, and 19. 
Sto7nach records: Three species of birds 
Physoearpus pauciflorus see Physoearpus malvaceus. 
Pliysccarpus stellatus (Rydb.) Rehd. 
Opulaster stellatus Rydb., Opulaster aladamensi^ Rydb., Opulaster inter- 
medius Small, not Rydb. 
Range : 28, 29, 30. 
Site : Well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Follicle. 
A smaU to large shrub ; flowers May-June. 
Physoearpus torreyi, see Physoearpus monogynus. 
Picea spp. Spruees. 
Evergreen, monoecious trees with cones maturing in a single season ; important 
timber trees and unsurpassed as producers of paper pulp. 
Stomach records (in addition to specific records) : Twenty-eight species of 
birds, including ruffed grouse, Hungarian partridge, ring-necked pheasant ; porcu- 
pine, black-tailed deer. 01) ser vat ions (in addition to specific records) : Fifteen 
species of birds, including spruce, ruffed, Franklin, and dusky gi'ouse ; much 
eaten by Cascade squirrel; Sierra chickaree. Richardson's squirrel, Townsend's 
chipmunk, Allen's chipmunk. Digger squirrel, Fremont pine squirrel, spruce 
squirrel, Olympic black bear, Arizona porcupine ; rarely cut for building material, 
not food, by beaver. 
Picea alba, see Picea australis and P. canadensis. 
Picea albertiana Brown. 
P. glauca aWertlana (Brown) Rehd. 
Range: 4, 12, 15 (Black HiUs). 
Site : Well-drained, sun. 
Fruit : Cone. 
A large evergreen tree. 
Picea amabilis, see Abies amaltilis. 
Picea australis Small. 
P. alha Chapm. 
Range: 27. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Cone. 
A large evergreen tree. 
Western white spruce. 
Southern spruce. 
Picea breweriana Wats. Weeping spruce. 
Range : 4. 
Site: Dry. well-drained, sun, shade. 
Fruit: Cone; ripe in early fall, seed shed September-October, cones 
soon falling. 
A large evergreen tree ; slow growing ; wood of no importance commercially : 
has proven unsatisfactory in cultivation ; very local in distribution ; good seed 
years every 2 or 3 years. 
