Igg MISC. PUBLICATION 303, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
resistant to fire; susceptible to bark beetle damage as well as rot; diflBcult to 
transplant ; a timber tree of the first importance, the principal source of rosin 
and turpentine in the United States. 
Stomach records: Seven species of birds, including bobwhite. Qhservations : 
Crossbill; much eaten by Carolina fox squirrel and other squirrels. 
Plnus balfouriana Murr. Foxtail pine. 
Range : 4. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit : Cone ; mature in August of the second season, seeds shed in 
September, cones soon falling. 
A small to large evergreen tree ; five-needled ; endures extreme drought in 
its native habitat ; intolerant of shade ; wood soft, of little importance commer- 
cially ; susceptible to blister rust. 
oiservatio}is: Porcupine; much eaten by birds and rodents; of slight impor- 
tance as browse for mule deer. 
Piniis banksiana Lam. Jack pine. 
P. divaricata (Ait.) Du Mont. 
Range : 23. 24, 26, 27. 
Site: Dry. well-drained, moist (rare), sun. 
Fruit : Cone ; mature in September of the second season, seeds shed 
irregularly over several years ; cones persistent 12 to 25 years. 
A large evergreen tree ; two-needled ; often occurs in sandy or rocky soil ; at 
first rapid growing, later slower ; intolerant of shade ; except for the attacks 
of PGridermium cerebrum, generally free from most conifer diseases; has been 
successfully established in the sand-hill section of western Nebraska ; wood de- 
cays rapidly in the soil, much used commercially ; 105,000-164,000 seeds per 
pound, germination 54 percent. 
St07nach records: One species of bird. Oljservatwns: Porcupine. 
Plnus braehyptera Sngelm. Rocky mountain yellow pine. 
P. ponderosa scopulorinn Engelm., P. scopulorum (Engelm.) Lemnion. 
Range : 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Cone; mature in August of the second season, seeds shed in 
September, cones soon falling. 
A very large evergreen tree ; three-needled ; forms a long taproot in seedling 
stages but laterals form later ; grows on almost any kind of soil ; rapid growing 
especially in juvenile stages ; very intolerant of shade ; resistant to fire ; suscep- 
tible to red rot in pure stands and much attacked by insects ; wood not durable 
in the soil, of great importance commercially; 10,000^20,(XX) seeds per pound, 
germination 37-61 percent, about 5,000 usable plants per pound of seed. 
Stomach records: Richardson's grouse, mountain sheep, plains white-tailed 
deer, black-tailed deer. O'bservations: Five species of birds; white-tailed squir- 
rel, Richardson's pine squirrel, Abort's squirrel, tassel-eared squirrel, spruce 
squirrel. Say's ground squirrel, chestnut-mantled ground squirrel. Records of 
utilization of P. ponderosa Douglas may apply partially to this species. 
Pinus caribaea Morel. Slash pine. 
P. heterophyUa (Ell.) Sudw. 
Range : 30, 31, 32. 
Site ; Well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit : Cone ; mature in October, seeds shed the following spring. 
A large evergreen tree ; two- to three-needled ; occurs in sandy and other soils ; 
rapid growing ; subject to red heart or red rot especially northward ; wood hard, 
strong, tough, durable, of value commercially ; susceptible to Woodgate rust ; 
15,500' seeds per pound, germination 36-85 percent. 
Plnus oemsroides Zucc. Mexican pifion. 
Range : 11, 14, 16, 17. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit : Cone ; ripe in September, seeds shed by October, cones soon 
falling. 
A small or rarely large, bushy, evergreen tree ; commonly three-needled ; slow 
growing ; intolerant of shade ; wood used for fuel ; only the scales in the middle 
of the cone bear seeds ; 1,500 seeds per pound, vitality transient. 
O'bservations: Thick-billed parrot ; birds and rodents. 
