NATIVE WOODY PLANTS OF THE UNITED STATES 
189 
Pinus ehihuahuana, see Pinus leiophylla. 
Pinus clausa (Engelm.) Vasey. Sand pine. 
Range: 30. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit : Cone ; persistent, closed for 3 or 4 years. 
A large evergreen tree ; occurs commonly on poor sandy soil ; wood of some 
importance locally for lumber ; 74,000 seeds per pound. 
Pinus contorta Loud. Shore pine. 
Range: 1. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Cone; mature August-September of the second season; seeds 
shed at once or over a period of years ; cones long, persistent, 
A large shrub to commonly a small, or rarely, a large tree; two-needled; 
commonly occurs on sandy soil ; close to the sea often forms dense, imx)enetrable 
thickets; 40',00O-280,0€O seeds per pound. Var. holanderi Vasey is a canelike 
dwarf 2 to 5 feet high, with very small cones. 
Observations: Of slight importance as browse for mule deer. 
Pinus coulteri Don. Coulter pine. 
Range: 4. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Cone; mature in August of the second season; seeds shed from 
October onward ; cones persistent 5 or 6 years. 
A large evergreen tree ; three-needled ; slow growing ; wood rarely used except 
for fuel ; 1,250 seeds per pound ; vitality transient. 
Observations: Of slight importance as browse for mule deer. 
Pinus divaricata, see Pinus hanksiana. 
Pinus echinata Mill. Shortleaf pine. 
P. mitts Michx. 
Range : 20, 25, 27, 28, 20, 30. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit : Cone ; mature in September of the second season ; persistent 2 
or more years after ripening. 
A large evergreen tree; commonly two-needled; occurs iu sandy and other 
soils ; forms a long taproot as a seedling and additional strong laterals later ; 
grows poorly on lime or too rich soils ; crowded out by loblolly pine on moist 
soils ; growth rate at first rapid, later slower ; fairly free from fungus and insect 
pests; fairly resistant to fire; stump sprouts but sprouts seldom develop mer- 
chantable trees; wood hard, resinous, much used commercially; 41,000-84,000 
seeds per pound ; germination 30-90 percent. 
Stomach records: Three species of birds. Observations: Pine siskin, crossbill. 
Pinus edulis Engelm. Pinon. 
P. cemhroides edulis Voss., Caryopitys edulis (Engelm.) Small. 
Range : 9, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit : Cone ; mature August-September ; seeds shed September-October, 
cones soon falling. 
A small to large evergreen tree; two- or sometimes three-needled; very re- 
sistant to drought in its natural habitat ; very slow growing ; wood soft, decaying 
rapidly ; locally used for fuel and fence posts ; 1,700 seeds per pound. 
Stomach records: Nine species of birds, including Mearn's quail. Observa- 
tions: Seven species^ of birds, including Merriam turkey,'* thick-billed parrot; 
porcupine, Hopi chipmunk,^ Magdalena chipmunk,^ cliff chipmunk,^ rock squirrel,^ 
New Mexico black bear, antelope ground squirrel,^ mule deer ; ^ much eaten by 
birds and mammals. Seeds eaten by livestock, especially goats. 
Pinus flexilis James. Limber pine. 
Apinus fleoGilis (James) Rydb. 
Range : 4, 5, 11, 12, 18, 14, 15. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Cone; mature in September, seeds shed by the end of October, 
cones soon falling. 
° These records may refer to other species of pifion pines as well, since the animals wers 
stated merely to be eating pinon nuts. 
