igQ MISC. PUBLICATION 303, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
grouse; composed 12.46 percent of winter food of eastern ruffed grouse in 
New York, and 8.S percent of winter food for the entire northeastern United 
States; mountain sheep. 01)servations (in addition to specific records) : Twelve 
species of birds including spruce grouse, Columbian sharp-tailed grouse, staple 
winter food of prairie sharp-tailed grouse; staple food of greater prairie 
chicken, northern sharp-tailed grouse, pinnated, gray, and ruffed grouse ; im- 
portant food of white-tailed deer ; preferred food of snowshoe hare ; porcu- 
pine ; important food of Pacific coast beaver ; Sonora deer, moose ; cottontail 
rabbit ; broad-tailed beaver ; staple food of mule deer ; favorite food of beavers, 
few other trees being cut where these are present. A chief source of propolis. 
Nearly all western species are palatable to livestock. 
PoBnlns acuminata Rydb. Lanceleaf cottonwood. 
Range : 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. 
Site : Well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Capsule. 
A large tree ; commonly occurs in sandy or rocky soils ; wood used locally. 
Popnlus alba L. White poplar. 
Range : 6, 8, 9, 11, 22, 25, 27, 28, 29. 
Site : Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit : Capsule. 
A large tree ; introduced from Eurasia and more or less naturalized in the 
regions indicated ; much attacked by scale and canker in Indiana ; many varie- 
ties in cultivation. 
Populus angulata, see Populus sargentii. 
Popnlus angustifolia James. Narrowleaf Cottonwood. 
Range: 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 (Black Hills). 
Site : Well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Capsule. 
A large, rapid-growing tree ; wood used locally. 
Populus arizonica Sarg. Arizona Cottonwood. 
P. mexicana of Amer. auths., not Westm. 
Range : 10, 11, 14. 
Site : Well-drained, moist, sun. 
Fruit: Capsule. 
A large, rapid-growing, short-lived tree ; wood much used locally. 
Ohservations: Beaver. 
Populus aurea, see Populus tretnuioides. 
Populus balsamifeia L. Balsam poplar. 
P. tacamahaca Mill., P. cmulicans Michx. 
Range : 12, 13, 15, 18, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27. 
Site: Dry, well-drained, sun. 
Fruit : Capsule, available May-June. 
A large tree ; commonly occurs in any wet soil ; root system deep, spreading ; 
rapid growing, somewhat short-lived ; wood used commercially ; vitality of seeds 
transient; germination percentage of seeds low. The much planted Car(5lina 
poplar is believed to be a hybrid between this and P. nigra L. 
Stomach 7'ecords: Stone caribou. Oljservations : Ruffed grouse. 
Populus besseyana Dode. 
Range : 8, 12, 15. 
Site : Well-drained, sun. 
Fruit: Capsule. 
A large tree. 
Populus candicans, see Populus dalsamifera. 
Populus cercidiphylla, see Populus tremuloides. 
Populus deltoides Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood. 
P. virgmiana Fourq. 
Range : 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. 
Site : Well-drained moist, sun. 
Fruit: Capsule available May-June. 
A large tree ; coramouly occurs in rich soil ; root system shallow, wide- 
spreading; appears to thrive in any moist soil; very rapid growing, short- 
